Monitoring Applications for Multifunctional Unmanned Surface Vehicles in Marine Coastal Environments

Kum, Byung-Cheol; Shin, Dong-Hyeok; Lee, Jung Han; Moh, Taejun; Jang, Seok Pil; Lee, Seung Yong; Cho, Jin Hyung

doi:10.2112/si85-277.1

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…The continuous environmental monitoring of coastal areas is required for the maintenance of coastal environments and to estimate the sustainability of current practice [6]. The processes, whether natural or artificial, promote sand transportation (erosion, transportation, and sediment deposition) and alter seabed morphology, both of which have important roles in the dynamic behavior of coastal areas [7]. Consequently, the monitoring of offshore zones is also required for the analysis and projection of coastal dynamics and environmental change [6,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Contribution of Multispectral Satellite Image to Shallow Water Bathymetry Mapping on the Coast of Misano Adriatico, Italy

Muzirafuti

Barreca

Crupi

et al. 2020

JMSE

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The results of absolute satellite-derived bathymetry (SDB) are presented in the current study. A comparative analysis was conducted on empirical methods in order to explore the potential of SDB in shallow water on the coast of Misano, Italy. Operations were carried out by relying on limited in situ water depth data to extract and calibrate bathymetry from a QuickBird satellite image acquired on a highly dynamic coastal environment. The image was processed using the log-band ratio and optimal band ratio analysis (OBRA) methods. Preprocessing steps included the conversion of the raw satellite image into top of atmosphere reflectance, spatial filtering, land and water classification, the determination of the optimal OBRA spectral band pairs, and the estimation of relative SDB. Furthermore, calibration and vertical referencing were performed via in situ bathymetry acquired in November 2007. The relative bathymetry obtained from different band ratios were vertically referenced to the local datum using in situ water depth in order to obtain absolute SDB. The coefficient of determination (R2) and vertical root mean square error (RMSE) were computed for each method. A strong correlation with in situ field bathymetry was observed for both methods, with R2 = 0.8682 and RMSE = 0.518 m for the log-band ratio method and R2 = 0.8927–0.9108 and RMSE = 0.35 m for the OBRA method. This indicated a high degree of confidence of the SDB results obtained for the study area, with a high performance of the OBRA method for SDB mapping in turbid water.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Contribution of Multispectral Satellite Image to Shallow Water Bathymetry Mapping on the Coast of Misano Adriatico, Italy

Muzirafuti

Barreca

Crupi

et al. 2020

JMSE

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“…Unmanned Surface Vehicles (USV) are unmanned vehicles performing a number of tasks in a variety of cluttered environments without human help, and they are characterized by highly nonlinear dynamics [20,21]. Maritime transport and special applications of USVs [22] are nowadays two main directions for their development. The use of unmanned vessels may be noted in scientific research on oceans and seas [23][24][25], environment protection [26], and military applications [27].…”

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confidence: 99%

Assessment of the Steering Precision of a Hydrographic USV along Sounding Profiles Using a High-Precision GNSS RTK Receiver Supported Autopilot

Marchel

Specht

2020

Energies

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Unmanned Surface Vehicles (USV) are increasingly used to perform numerous tasks connected with measurements in inland waters and seas. One of such target applications is hydrography, where traditional (manned) bathymetric measurements are increasingly often realized by unmanned surface vehicles. This pertains especially to restricted or hardly navigable waters, in which execution of hydrographic surveys with the use of USVs requires precise maneuvering. Bathymetric measurements should be realized in a way that makes it possible to determine the waterbody’s depth as precisely as possible, and this requires high-precision in navigating along planned sounding profiles. This paper presents research that aimed to determine the accuracy of unmanned surface vehicle steering in autonomous mode (with a Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller) along planned hydrographic profiles. During the measurements, a high-precision Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Real Time Kinematic (RTK) positioning system based on a GNSS reference station network (positioning accuracy: 1–2 cm, p = 0.95) and a magnetic compass with the stability of course maintenance of 1°–3° Root Mean Square (RMS) were used. For the purpose of evaluating the accuracy of the vessel’s path following along sounding profiles, the cross track error (XTE) measure, i.e., the distance between an USV’s position and the hydrographic profile, calculated transversely to the course, was proposed. The tests were compared with earlier measurements taken by other unmanned surface vehicles, which followed the exact same profiles with the use of much simpler and low-cost multi-GNSS receiver (positioning accuracy: 2–2.5 m or better, p = 0.50), supported with a Fluxgate magnetic compass with a high course measurement accuracy of 0.3° (p = 0.50 at 30 m/s). The research has shown that despite the considerable difference in the positioning accuracy of both devices and incomparably different costs of both solutions, the authors proved that the use of the GNSS RTK positioning system, as opposed to a multi-GNSS system supported with a Fluxgate magnetic compass, influences the precision of USV following sounding profiles to an insignificant extent.

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“…The baseline measurements performed by geodetic methods had many limitations, which included low coverage and duration. Therefore, the Authors recommend conducting bathymetric measurements in ultra-shallow waters by the hydrographic method, which involves the use of an unmanned surface vessel (a drone with a dozen centimetre draft) [48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56], on which a GNSS receiver and a Single Beam Echo Sounder (SBES) can be mounted. These measurement techniques enable high precision (1-5 cm (p = 0.95)) hydroacoustic surveys [57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64] performed during a relatively short time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining the Variability of the Territorial Sea Baseline on the Example of Waterbody Adjacent to the Municipal Beach in Gdynia

Specht

Wąż

et al. 2019

Applied Sciences

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The purpose of this publication is to analyze the spatial and temporal variability of the territorial sea baseline in sand bottom waterbodies, which were determined twice, in 2016 and 2018, by the Real Time Kinematic (RTK) method. This involves direct measurement of sea bottom coordinates on planned hydrographic sounding profiles using a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver mounted on a pole. The data were the basis for creating Digital Terrain Models (DTM), which were then used to determine the baseline for both measurement campaigns. Subsequently, terrain surface models were compared to determine bathymetry changes in the area under analysis, and an assessment was made of the baseline spatial position change over the previous two years. The measurements have shown considerable spatial and temporal variability of the baseline course along a short section of sandy beach. The territorial sea baseline was very unstable; in some places, it moved by even 20–25 m, landwards and seawards. Therefore, one can suppose that these changes are periodic, and one can conclude that the reliability of the baseline measurements can decrease quite quickly.

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Monitoring Applications for Multifunctional Unmanned Surface Vehicles in Marine Coastal Environments

Cited by 16 publications

References 0 publications

The Contribution of Multispectral Satellite Image to Shallow Water Bathymetry Mapping on the Coast of Misano Adriatico, Italy

The Contribution of Multispectral Satellite Image to Shallow Water Bathymetry Mapping on the Coast of Misano Adriatico, Italy

Assessment of the Steering Precision of a Hydrographic USV along Sounding Profiles Using a High-Precision GNSS RTK Receiver Supported Autopilot

Determining the Variability of the Territorial Sea Baseline on the Example of Waterbody Adjacent to the Municipal Beach in Gdynia

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