Monitoring Arbitrary Activation Patterns in Real-Time Systems

Neukirchner, Moritz; Michaels, Tobias; Axer, Philip; Quinton, Sophie; Ernst, Rolf

doi:10.1109/rtss.2012.80

Cited by 34 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 16 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The overhead is shown to be very low in FPGA implementation. Neukirchner et al [14] presented a light-weight monitoring approach for arbitrary activation patterns. The task activation patterns are modelled as minimum distance functions, which describe lower bounds on the temporal distance between consecutive activations.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Online workload monitoring with the feedback of actual execution time for real-time systems

Huang²,

Chen

et al. 2017

Design, Automation &Amp; Test in Europe Conference &Amp; Exhibition (DATE), 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract-Guaranteeing the system workload within design bounds is a basic requirement for a real-time system. Design-time bounds are usually based on worst-case activation patterns and worst-case execution time. While using the worst-case assumptions for online monitoring can guarantee the system safety, it also introduces unexplored slacks due to tasks consuming less than their worst-case execution times. In this paper, we introduce a monitoring scheme with the feedback of actual execution time for real-time systems. By using this runtime feedback instead of offline assumptions, this monitoring scheme can accept events that are considered as violations offline, and thereby improve the system utilization. In the experiments of both MATLAB simulation and MicroC/OS-II running in a softcore processor implemented on an FPGA, different probability distributions of actual execution time are used in analyzing how much the benefit can be gained from the feedback scheme.

show abstract

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Event-based monitors verify that task activations do not exceed the designed upper bound by employing arrival curve [8], [10], [14], [15]. Workload-based monitors verify that the system workload does not exceed the designed upper bound by employing WAF [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Online workload monitoring with the feedback of actual execution time for real-time systems

Huang²,

Chen

et al. 2017

Design, Automation &Amp; Test in Europe Conference &Amp; Exhibition (DATE), 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Watterson Heffernan (2008) present a method for using the formal Java-MaC runtime verification method to monitor a Java control system using instrumentation: The control system and monitor are implemented in a JOP (Java Optimised Processor) software processor, embedded in an FPGA (field programmable gate array) and run alongside the control system Neukirchner et al (2012) investigate the monitoring the timing of activation patterns for tasks at runtime with verification against a timing model. Uncharacteristically long or short activation times for a task could be indicative of a fault or tampering with the system.…”

Section: Runtime Verification Of Embedded Control Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a Distributed Runtime Monitor for ICS/SCADA Systems

Wain

Reiff-Marganiec

Jones

et al. 2016

Electronic Workshops in Computing

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Industrial Control Systems (ICS) and SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) systems are typically used in industries such as electricity generation and supply, gas supply, logistics, manufacturing and hospitals and are considered critical national infrastructure. The evolution of these systems from isolated environments into internet connected ones, in combination with their long service life and real-time nature have raised severe security concerns in the event of a cyber-attack. In this paper, we review the current literature surrounding the threats, vulnerabilities, exploits and existing approaches to securing vulnerable SCADA systems. We then focus specifically on the development of a distributed online runtime monitor to detect violations of safety properties. We conclude with suggestions for further research needed to progress the state of the art in the area of distributed online runtime verification of SCADA systems.

show abstract

“…At the same time, the number of false negatives (erroneous blocking of the sequence) needs to be kept to a minimum, i.e., the blocking of non-violation behavior should be avoided in order to increase the processor utilization as much as possible. This means the pessimistic estimate is often used to strictly rule out all the violations to guarantee the safety of the system, and should be lightweight due to its frequent activations and the tight resource budgets of the system [Lampka et al, 2011;Neukirchner et al, 2012]. It is not easy for a monitoring scheme to meet both aforementioned requirements as ensuring better accuracy often requires a complex monitoring scheme, which in-turn demands more computing power.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two state-of-the-art online monitoring algorithms have been recently developed: dynamic counters (DCs) monitoring [Lampka et al, 2011] and l-repetitive function (LRF) monitoring [Neukirchner et al, 2012]. Both monitoring algorithms are based on the arrival curve model that is capable of capturing arbitrary event arrival patterns in the time interval domain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation and Improvements of Runtime Monitoring Methods for Real-Time Event Streams

Huang

Chen

et al. 2016

ACM Trans. Embed. Comput. Syst.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Runtime monitoring is of great importance as a safeguard to guarantee the correctness of system runtime behaviors. Two state-of-the-art methods, dynamic counters and l-repetitive function, were recently developed to tackle the runtime monitoring for real-time systems. While both are reported to be efficient in monitoring the arbitrary events, the monitoring performance between them has not yet been evaluated. This article evaluates both methods in depth, to identify their strengths and weaknesses. New methods are proposed to efficiently monitor the many-to-one connections that are abstracted as AND and OR components on multiple inputs. Representative scenarios are used as our case studies to quantitatively demonstrate the evaluations. Both methods are implemented in hardware FPGA. The timing overhead and resource usages of implementing the two methods are evaluated.

show abstract

Monitoring Arbitrary Activation Patterns in Real-Time Systems

Cited by 34 publications

References 16 publications

Online workload monitoring with the feedback of actual execution time for real-time systems

Online workload monitoring with the feedback of actual execution time for real-time systems

Towards a Distributed Runtime Monitor for ICS/SCADA Systems

Evaluation and Improvements of Runtime Monitoring Methods for Real-Time Event Streams

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About