Monitoring Attention in ADHD with an Easy-to-Use Electrophysiological Index

Shahaf, Goded; Nitzan, Uri; Erez, Galit; Mendelovic, Shlomo; Bloch, Yuval

doi:10.3389/fnhum.2018.00032

Cited by 26 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Importantly, the test incorporates external interfering stimuli (auditory and visual) serving as measurable distractors, a feature that is unique to the MOXO-CPT. The test's validity and utility in distinguishing children and adolescents with ADHD from their typically developing peers were demonstrated in previous studies (Berger and Cassuto, 2014;Berger et al, 2017;Shahaf et al, 2018).…”

Section: Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Gender Differences in Objective and Subjective Measures of ADHD Among Clinic-Referred Children

Slobodin

Davidovitch

2019

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), one of the most prevalent childhood disorders today, is generally more likely to be diagnosed and treated in boys than in girls. However, gender differences in ADHD are currently poorly understood, partly because previous research included only a limited proportion of girls and relied mainly on subjective measures of ADHD, which are highly vulnerable to reporter's bias. To further examine gender differences in ADHD and to address some of the shortcomings of previous studies, this study examined gender differences in subjective and objective measures of ADHD among clinic-referred children with ADHD. Participants were 204 children aged 6-17 years-old with ADHD (129 boys, 75 girls). A retrospective analysis was conducted using records of a clinical database. Obtained data included parent and teacher forms of the Conners ADHD rating scales, Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), Teacher's Report Form (TRF), and child's continuous performance test (CPT) scores. Results showed that according to parents' and teachers' reports of ADHD-related symptoms (Conners ADHD rating scales), girls had more inattention problems than boys, but no differences were identified in the level of hyperactivity and impulsivity symptoms. CPT data, however, revealed higher impulsivity among boys. We did not find gender differences in the level of distractibility during CPT performance. Specifically, the effects of distractors type (visual environmental stimuli, auditory stimuli, or a combination of them) and distractors load (one or two distracting stimuli at a time) on CPT performance did not differ between boys and girls with ADHD. These findings suggest that gender effects on ADHD symptoms may differ between subjective and objective measures. Understanding gender differences in ADHD may lead to improved identification of girls with the disorder, helping to reduce the gender gap in diagnosis and treatment.

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Section: Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Gender Differences in Objective and Subjective Measures of ADHD Among Clinic-Referred Children

Slobodin

Davidovitch

2019

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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“…Only data from the 1st minute of the stimulus-related samples were used in the analysis. The use of data from only the first minute was done in continuation of previous studies with other clinical populations [ 18 , 19 ]. It seems applicable specifically in studies of migraine due to the phenomenon of reduced electrophysiological habituation, which is well-established in the migraine literature [ 4 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, we simplified the EEG analysis to adjust the extraction of relevant attention-related markers from a short sample, at the scale of 1 min, on the basis of template matching [ 18 , 19 ] of the marker, identified by the averaged ERP. It should be stressed that, while in the averaged ERP sample our marker is time-locked to the stimulus [ 15 , 16 ], we noted that the marker onset is much more flexible at the single trial level.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring Migraine Cycle Dynamics with an Easy-to-Use Electrophysiological Marker—A Pilot Study

Shahaf¹,

Kuperman

Bloch

et al. 2018

Sensors

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Migraine attacks can cause significant discomfort and reduced functioning for days at a time, including the pre-ictal and post-ictal periods. During the inter-ictsal period, however, migraineurs seem to function normally. It is puzzling, therefore, that event-related potentials of migraine patients often differ in the asymptomatic and inter-ictal period. Part of the electrophysiological dynamics demonstrated in the migraine cycle are attention related. In this pilot study we evaluated an easy-to-use new marker, the Brain Engagement Index (BEI), for attention monitoring during the migraine cycle. We sampled 12 migraine patients for 20 days within one calendar month. Each session consisted of subjects’ reports of stress level and migraine-related symptoms, and a 5 min EEG recording, with a 2-electrode EEG device, during an auditory oddball task. The first minute of the EEG sample was analyzed. Repetitive samples were also obtained from 10 healthy controls. The brain engagement index increased significantly during the pre-ictal (p ≈ 0.001) and the ictal (p ≈ 0.020) periods compared with the inter-ictal period. No difference was observed between the pre-ictal and ictal periods. Control subjects demonstrated intermediate Brain Engagement Index values, that is, higher than inter-ictal, yet lower than pre-ictal. Our preliminary results demonstrate the potential advantage of the use of a simple EEG system for improved prediction of migraine attacks. Further study is required to evaluate the efficacy of the Brain Engagement Index in monitoring the migraine cycle and the possible effects of interventions.

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“…Furthermore, it might be that such background oscillatory markers could be analyzed even from raw EEG, without the context of a specific task. In fact, we obtained some interesting results also with ''task-less'' raw EEG data in various clinical contexts (Bartur et al, 2017(Bartur et al, , 2019Isserles et al, 2018;Shahaf et al, 2018b). Furthermore, some initial results were also obtained during the use of etomidate of localized cortical anesthesia during WADA test .…”

Section: Practical Implications: a Possible Route To Develop A Markermentioning

confidence: 62%

“…In further studies, we showed that it is possible to specify effective markers, for the attention-related process in the delta band activity from stimulus onset to about 600 ms after stimulus and for the perception-related process in the alpha band activity in the first 200 ms after stimulus onset (Shahaf et al, 2015). Specifically, with regard to the attention-related marker, we showed its efficacy in various clinical populations, such as patients with depression Isserles et al, 2018), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) patients (Shahaf et al, 2018b), migraine patients (Shahaf et al, 2018a), and patients in rehabilitation after stroke (Bartur et al, 2017(Bartur et al, , 2019.…”

Section: Event-related Potential As a Superposition Of Attention-relamentioning

confidence: 91%

The Effects of Anesthetics on the Cortex—Lessons From Event-Related Potentials

Shahaf

Hare

Shahaf³

2020

Front. Syst. Neurosci.

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Consciousness while under general anesthesia is a dreadful condition. Various electroencephalogram (EEG)-based technologies have been developed, on the basis of empirical evidence, in order to identify this condition. However, certain electrophysiological phenomena, which seem strongly related with depth of anesthesia in some drugs, appear less consistent with those of other anesthetic drugs. There is a gap between the complexity of the phenomenon of consciousness and its behavioral manifestations, on the one hand, and the empirical nature of the reported electrophysiological markers, which are associated with it, on the other hand. In fact, such a gap might prevent us from progressing toward unified electrophysiological markers of consciousness while under anesthesia, which are applicable to all anesthetic drugs. We believe that there is a need to bridge this conceptual gap. Therefore, in this work, we will try to present a theoretical framework for such bridging. First, we suggest focusing on neuropsychological processes, which seem to have a clear role in the behavioral manifestations of consciousness while under anesthesia but seem, nevertheless, better defined than consciousness itself-such as perception and attention. Then, we suggest analyzing the effects of anesthesia upon these neuropsychological processes, as they are manifested in the EEG signal. Specifically, we will focus on the effects of anesthesia on event-related potentials (ERPs), which seem more easily associable with neuropsychological modeling.

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Monitoring Attention in ADHD with an Easy-to-Use Electrophysiological Index

Cited by 26 publications

References 26 publications

Gender Differences in Objective and Subjective Measures of ADHD Among Clinic-Referred Children

Gender Differences in Objective and Subjective Measures of ADHD Among Clinic-Referred Children

Monitoring Migraine Cycle Dynamics with an Easy-to-Use Electrophysiological Marker—A Pilot Study

The Effects of Anesthetics on the Cortex—Lessons From Event-Related Potentials

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