Monitoring CO2 response on surface seismic data; a rock physics and seismic modeling feasibility study at the CO2 sequestration site, Ketzin, Germany

Kazemeini, Sayed Hesammoddin; Juhlin, Christopher; Fomel, Sergey

doi:10.1016/j.jappgeo.2010.05.004

Cited by 72 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…They are visible on all station combinations and on all components. The injection of CO 2 into a porous layer changes the medium and lowers the seismic velocities with respect to a reference state before the injection (Eiken et al 2000;Kazemeini et al 2010;Ivanova et al 2012). Therefore, we expect a monotonic decrease of the seismic velocities over the period of the injection because the injection is almost continuous with a constant rate (on average).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…As velocity model we use the model of Xu et al (2012) for the top 150 m, combined with the model of Kazemeini et al (2010) for depths down to 700 m as illustrated in Figs 7(a) and (b). Waves are excited by a vertical source with a dominant frequency of 2.25 Hz placed at a depth of 1 m. We used a free surface on top of the model and an absorbing boundary frame with exponential damping at the other three edges.…”

Section: Analysis Of the Dominating Phase In The Cross-correlationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Monitoring of environmental influences on seismic velocity at the geological storage site for CO2 in Ketzin (Germany) with ambient seismic noise

Gassenmeier¹,

Sens‐Schönfelder²,

Delatre³

et al. 2014

Geophysical Journal International

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Originally published as:Gassenmeier, M., Sens-Schönfelder, C., Delatre, M., Korn, M. (2015): Monitoring of environmental influences on seismic velocity at the geological storage site for CO2 in Ketzin (Germany) with ambient seismic noise. S U M M A R YRegarding the exploitation of natural resources, storage of waste or subsurface construction, there is an increasing need to obtain comprehensive knowledge about the subsurface and its temporal changes. We investigate the possibility of a passive monitoring using ambient seismic noise, which is cheap and continuous compared to active seismics. We work with data acquired with a seismic network in Ketzin (Germany) where 67 271 tons of CO 2 were injected from 2008 June until 2013 August into a saline aquifer at a depth of about 650 m. Monitoring the expansion of the CO 2 plume is essential for the characterization of the reservoir as well as the detection of potential leakage. By cross-correlating about 4 yr of passive seismic data in a frequency range of 0.05-4.5 Hz we found periodic velocity variations with a period of approximately 1 yr that cannot be caused by the CO 2 injection. The prominent direction of the noise wavefield indicates a wind farm as the dominant source providing the temporally stable noise field. This spacial stability excludes variations of the noise source distribution as a cause of spurious velocity variations. Based on an amplitude decrease associated with time windows towards later parts of the coda, we show that the variations must be generated in the shallow subsurface. A comparison to groundwater level data reveals a direct correlation between depth of the groundwater level and the seismic velocity. The influence of ground frost on the seismic velocities is documented by a sharp increase of velocity when the maximum daily temperature stays below 0 • C. Although the observed periodic changes and the changes due to ground frost affect only the shallow subsurface, they mask potential signals of material changes from the reservoir depths.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Analysis Of the Dominating Phase In The Cross-correlationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring of environmental influences on seismic velocity at the geological storage site for CO2 in Ketzin (Germany) with ambient seismic noise

Gassenmeier¹,

Sens‐Schönfelder²,

Delatre³

et al. 2014

Geophysical Journal International

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“…Based on a petrophysical model it is possible to relate the CO 2 saturation to changes in P-wave velocity [16,41,42]. P-wave velocities can be derived from VSP data by calculating differences in direct arrival times [43] or with coda-wave interferometry [44,45].…”

Section: Determination Of Velocity Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zero-Offset VSP Monitoring of CO₂Storage: Impedance Inversion and Wedge Modelling at the Ketzin Pilot Site

Götz

Krawczyk

Cosma³

2014

International Journal of Geophysics

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At the CO 2 storage pilot site near the town of Ketzin (35 km west of Berlin, Germany) the sandstone reservoir at 630 m-650 m depth is thin and heterogeneous. The time-lapse analysis of zero-offset VSP measurements shows that CO 2 -induced amplitude changes can be observed on near-well corridor stacks. Further, we investigate whether CO 2 -induced amplitude changes in the monitoring data can be used to derive geometrical and petrophysical parameters governing the migration of CO 2 within a brine saturated sandstone aquifer. 2D seismic-elastic modelling is done to test the processing workflow and to perform a wedge modelling study for estimation of the vertical expansion of the CO 2 plume. When using the NRMS error as a measure for the similarity between the modelled and recorded repeat traces, the best match is achieved for a plume thickness of 6-7 m within the reservoir sandstone of 8 m thickness. With band limited impedance inversion a velocity reduction at the top of the reservoir of 30%, influenced by casing reverberations as well as CO 2 injection, is found. The relation of seismic amplitude to CO 2 saturated layer thickness and CO 2 -induced changes in P-wave velocities are important parameters for the quantification of the injected CO 2 volume.

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“…• Active seismic: Juhlin et al (2007); Yordkayhun et al (2007Yordkayhun et al ( , 2009a; Kazemeini et al (2009Kazemeini et al ( , 2010a • Controlled source electromagnetic (CSEM): Girard et al (2011) • Passive seismic: Xu et al (2012) One of the key results of the 3D surface seismic monitoring is a map of the distribution of CO 2 in the reservoir ). 1.3 Crosshole seismic, zero-offset and offset VSP, motivation and published results…”

Section: Co 2 Storage and Scientific Program At The Ketzin Pilot Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

Borehole seismic monitoring of CO2 storage within a saline aquifer at Ketzin, Germany

Götz¹,

Giese²,

Schmidt‐Hattenberger³

et al. 2011

Proceedings

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Monitoring CO2 response on surface seismic data; a rock physics and seismic modeling feasibility study at the CO2 sequestration site, Ketzin, Germany

Cited by 72 publications

References 39 publications

Monitoring of environmental influences on seismic velocity at the geological storage site for CO2 in Ketzin (Germany) with ambient seismic noise

Monitoring of environmental influences on seismic velocity at the geological storage site for CO2 in Ketzin (Germany) with ambient seismic noise

Zero-Offset VSP Monitoring of CO₂Storage: Impedance Inversion and Wedge Modelling at the Ketzin Pilot Site

Borehole seismic monitoring of CO2 storage within a saline aquifer at Ketzin, Germany

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Monitoring CO2 response on surface seismic data; a rock physics and seismic modeling feasibility study at the CO2 sequestration site, Ketzin, Germany

Cited by 72 publications

References 39 publications

Monitoring of environmental influences on seismic velocity at the geological storage site for CO2 in Ketzin (Germany) with ambient seismic noise

Monitoring of environmental influences on seismic velocity at the geological storage site for CO2 in Ketzin (Germany) with ambient seismic noise

Zero-Offset VSP Monitoring of CO2Storage: Impedance Inversion and Wedge Modelling at the Ketzin Pilot Site

Borehole seismic monitoring of CO2 storage within a saline aquifer at Ketzin, Germany

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Product

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Zero-Offset VSP Monitoring of CO₂Storage: Impedance Inversion and Wedge Modelling at the Ketzin Pilot Site