Monitoring cognitive and psychological alterations in COVID-19 patients: A longitudinal neuropsychological study

Diana, Lorenzo; Regazzoni, Rossana; Sozzi, Matteo; Piconi, Stefania; Borghesi, Luca; Lazzaroni, Elisa; Basilico, Paola; Aliprandi, Angelo; Bolognini, Nadia; Bonardi, Daniela; Colombo, Daniele; Salmaggi, Andrea

doi:10.1016/j.jns.2022.120511

Cited by 19 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 60 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The cognitive results indicate that 71% of participants had changes in cognitive screening, a finding that is consistent with other reports in which the same screening tool was used [9], [10] a tool that was used as the main mechanism of evaluation in initial studies on Long COVID and cognition. The most impaired cognitive function was visual memory, with a total of 69% of participants showing at least mild changes, followed by language with 54%, visuospatial abilities with 49% [11], [12], verbal episodic memory with 37% [13], executive functions with 34%, consistent with other findings [10], [12], [14]- [18], and 34% showing dysfunction in attention. In terms of premorbid intelligence, only 12% of participants had changes, meaning that 88% of participants had preserved cognitive abilities before Long COVID symptoms.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Cognitive Profile of SARS-cov-2 Recovered Patients: A Comprehensive Analysis of Persistent Dysfunctions in Long COVID

Lima¹,

Cavendish²,

Pinto³

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Long Covid is a term used for patients who have recovered from COVID-19 but exhibit persistent cognitive dysfunction, including mental confusion, difficulties in attention, impairment in executive functions and slow movements, among other common symptoms. A study was conducted with 65 patients who had a positive RT-PCR diagnosis and reported symptoms of cognitive impairment, such as memory loss and attention difficulties after recovery. The patients underwent neuropsychological evaluation and completed questionnaires on cognition, mood, and quality of life. During the cognitive screening, 71% of the patients showed alterations, with deficits in visual memory (69%), language (54%), visuospatial construction (49%), verbal episodic memory (37%), executive functions (36%), attentional abilities (34%), and premorbid intelligence (12%). It is important to highlight the need for treatments and further studies to understand the long-term side effects of this disease.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Cognitive Profile of SARS-cov-2 Recovered Patients: A Comprehensive Analysis of Persistent Dysfunctions in Long COVID

Lima¹,

Cavendish²,

Pinto³

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This is particularly the case for COVID-19 studies addressing cognitive outcomes. Though informative, existing studies have had to rely on small sample sizes ( 27 ), a restricted set of predictor variables ( 28 ), a low number of analyzed cytokines ( 29 ), or a lack of objective psychiatric tools administered by trained professionals (e.g., neuropsychological battery, psychiatric interview) ( 30 , 31 ). Thus, the aim of the present study was to analyze the potential impact of sociodemographic, clinical and biological factors on the long-term cognitive outcome of patients who survived moderate and severe forms of COVID-19.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive impairment in long-COVID and its association with persistent dysregulation in inflammatory markers

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ObjectiveTo analyze the potential impact of sociodemographic, clinical and biological factors on the long-term cognitive outcome of patients who survived moderate and severe forms of COVID-19.MethodsWe assessed 710 adult participants (Mean age = 55 ± 14; 48.3% were female) 6 to 11 months after hospital discharge with a complete cognitive battery, as well as a psychiatric, clinical and laboratory evaluation. A large set of inferential statistical methods was used to predict potential variables associated with any long-term cognitive impairment, with a focus on a panel of 28 cytokines and other blood inflammatory and disease severity markers.ResultsConcerning the subjective assessment of cognitive performance, 36.1% reported a slightly poorer overall cognitive performance, and 14.6% reported being severely impacted, compared to their pre-COVID-19 status. Multivariate analysis found sex, age, ethnicity, education, comorbidity, frailty and physical activity associated with general cognition. A bivariate analysis found that G-CSF, IFN-alfa2, IL13, IL15, IL1.RA, EL1.alfa, IL45, IL5, IL6, IL7, TNF-Beta, VEGF, Follow-up C-Reactive Protein, and Follow-up D-Dimer were significantly (p<.05) associated with general cognition. However, a LASSO regression that included all follow-up variables, inflammatory markers and cytokines did not support these findings.ConclusionThough we identified several sociodemographic characteristics that might protect against cognitive impairment following SARS-CoV-2 infection, our data do not support a prominent role for clinical status (both during acute and long-stage of COVID-19) or inflammatory background (also during acute and long-stage of COVID-19) to explain the cognitive deficits that can follow COVID-19 infection.

show abstract

“…The present investigation, encouragingly, demonstrated a trend towards normalisation (from T1 to T2) in this measure and thus suggested, on average, only a limited and possibly reversible adverse cognitive effects of COVID-19 in a working-age population. However, participants who had required COVID-19 hospitalisation showed continued cognitive impairment, a finding which is well documented in the literature, with hospitalisation status significantly impacting cognitive function and the speed of any possible recovery months after initial infection and hospitalisation [13, 26–31]. Our findings are also consistent with earlier findings of Del Brutto et al [11] who observed an improvement towards normalisation in Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores at 18 months post-infection in older adults (mean age: 62.7 years) who had a history of mild COVID-19 and no hospitalisation and had shown a significant impairment when assessed earlier at 6 months post-infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Cognitive and mental health trajectories of COVID-19: Role of hospitalisation and long-COVID symptoms

Vakani,

Ratto,

Sandford-James

et al. 2024

Eur. Psychiatr.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background. There is considerable evidence of cognitive impairment post COVID-19, especially in individuals with long-COVID symptoms, but limited research objectively evaluating whether such impairment attenuates or resolves over time, especially in young and middle-aged adults. Methods. Follow-up assessments (T2) of cognitive function (processing speed, attention, working memory, executive function, memory) and mental health were conducted in 138 adults (18-69 years) who had been assessed 6 months earlier (T1). Of these, 88 had a confirmed history of COVID-19 at T1 assessment (≥20 days post-diagnosis) and were also followed-up on COVID-19-related symptoms (acute and long-COVID); 50 adults had no known COVID-19 history at any point up to their T2 assessment. Results. From T1 to T2, a trend-level improvement occurred in intra-individual variability in processing speed in the COVID, relative to the non-COVID group. However, longer response/task completion times persisted in participants with COVID-19-related hospitalisation relative to those without COVID-19-related hospitalisation and non-COVID controls. There was a significant reduction in long-COVID symptom load, which correlated with improved executive function in non-hospitalised COVID-19 participants. The COVID group continued to self-report poorer mental health, irrespective of hospitalisation history, relative to non-COVID group. Conclusions. Although some cognitive improvement has occurred over a 6-month period in young and middle-aged COVID-19 survivors, cognitive impairment persists in those with a history of COVID-19-related hospitalisation and/or long-COVID symptoms. Continuous follow-up assessments are required to determine whether cognitive function improves or possibly worsens, over time in hospitalised and long-COVID participants.

show abstract

Monitoring cognitive and psychological alterations in COVID-19 patients: A longitudinal neuropsychological study

Cited by 19 publications

References 60 publications

Cognitive Profile of SARS-cov-2 Recovered Patients: A Comprehensive Analysis of Persistent Dysfunctions in Long COVID

Cognitive Profile of SARS-cov-2 Recovered Patients: A Comprehensive Analysis of Persistent Dysfunctions in Long COVID

Cognitive impairment in long-COVID and its association with persistent dysregulation in inflammatory markers

Cognitive and mental health trajectories of COVID-19: Role of hospitalisation and long-COVID symptoms

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About