“…Although calibration is usually required, there are a number of biophysical parameters that may be measured with less calibration, including certain variables related to phenology, growth, leaf area, height, and biomass traits, that in turn correlate with productivity and yields (Chen, Chu, Landivar, Yang, & Maeda, 2018;Dempewolf, Nagol, Hein, Thiel, & Zimmermann, 2017;Díaz-Varela et al, 2015;Granados, Bonnet, Hansen, & Schmidt, 2013;Swain, Thomson, & Jayasuriya, 2010;Torres-Sánchez, López-Granados, Serrano, Arquero, & Peña, 2015). By flying closer to the plant, MAVs and NAVs increase the possibilities for measuring previously unseen variables that are important for precision agriculture and phenotyping and, in doing so, further minimize calibration requirements.…”