Monitoring Extremely Stressed Points on Stands of Forging Presses

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“…Their basic purpose, in the case of forging processes, is the measurement and detailed analysis of the forces, temperature field distribution of the tools and preforms, the acoustic emission events, the forging tool life, as well as analysis of the state of machines, movable element lubrication, vibrations of the rotators which store the energy, aiming at improving the operation of the forging units [2,4,5,8,9,24].…”

“…As regards the die forging processes, such systems are still beginning to develop, which is partly caused by the extreme conditions of the industrial process of hot die forging. A description of the systems dedicated strictly to forging processes and their applications can be found in [7,9,18,19,23,30]. For example, the work [30] develops a real time control system of placing the forgings in the consecutive dies by a manipulator, which allows for very fast changes in the introduced algorithm.…”

“…For financial reasons, forging plants rarely decide to purchase a new device dedicated to a specific production line. The commonly applied forging machines and devices are usually equipped with simple control and measurement systems, which merely allow for the control of: the maximal forging force, the machine's work speed, the number of forgings and the initial temperatures of the preforms [6,9,18,22,23]. Such measurement and control systems, which monitor the whole process, have been successfully applied in factories (so-called, assembly shops, involving the process of joining, bonding, welding, painting and others) as well as in automatized stamping presses.…”

Application of 3D Scanning as an Indirect Method to Analyze and Eliminate Errors on the Manufactured Yoke-Type Forgings Forged in SMED Device on Modernized Crank Press

“…Of course, for calibration of the aggregate’s measuring elements, classical measurement methods are applied (rectilinearity and perpendicularity masters, gauge blocks, time sensors), as well as much more advanced systems allowing a non-contact dynamic analysis with the use of an image and structured light analysis (e.g., Aramis and others). At the stage of design, a whole range of modern methods supporting the design and analysis is applied, that is CAD (Computer-aided Design)/CAM (Computer-aided Manufacturing)/FEM (Finite Element Method) programs, which also enable an analysis of deformations and dynamic accelerations during the forging process [ 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 ]. However, often, despite the use of many modern measurement methods and advanced CMM systems, both in new installations and those after reparation, modernization or improvement, we can encounter problems resulting in geometrically and qualitatively inappropriate products of the forging process, i.e., forgings [ 44 ], whose elimination is difficult in a real process [ 45 , 46 , 47 ].…”

Application of 3D Scanning as an Indirect Method to Analyze and Eliminate Errors on the Manufactured Yoke-Type Forgings Forged in SMED Device on Modernized Crank Press

“…Aramis and others). At the stage of design, a whole range of modern methods supporting the design and analysis is applied, that is CAD/CAM/MES programs, which also enable an analysis of deformations and dynamic accelerations during the forging process [39,40,41,42,43]. However, often, despite the use of many modern measurement methods and advanced CMM systems, both in new installations and those after reparation, modernization or improvement, we can encounter problems resulting in geometrically and qualitatively inappropriate products of the forging process, i.e.…”