Monitoring for Insecticide Resistance in Field-Collected Strains of the German Cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae)

Cochran, Donald G.

doi:10.1093/jee/82.2.336

Cited by 80 publications

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“…17) Thus, plant-based repellents may be comparable to, or even somewhat better than, synthetics, depending on the formula. Many plant essential oils and their components have been shown to have good repellent activity, [18][19][20] for example, Piper guineense (black pepper) seed oil exhibits both insecticidal and repellent activity against the stored product insect pests. 18) Benzene derivatives and terpenoids have also been reported to have insecticidal and repellent activities against Periplanata americana.…”

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“…19) In addition, most plant-based insect repellents currently on the market contain essential oils from one or more of the following plants: citronella (Cymbopogon nardus), cedar (Juniper virginiana), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus maculata), geranium (Pelargonium reniforme), lemon-grass (Cymbopogon excavatus), peppermint (Mentha piperita), neem (Azadirachta indica) and soybean (Neonotonia wightii). 20) Citrus oils, such as grapefruit, lemon, lime and orange, are widely utilized in various industries, including agriculture and household cleaning. Their constituents have been extensively studied and used for various applications; however, it has not been properly addressed whether the monoterpenes in citrus oils can act as insect repellents or whether they could be used in agriculture to replace synthetic insecticides.…”

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Repellent activity of citrus oils against the cockroaches Blattella germanica, Periplaneta americana and P. fuliginosa

et al. 2009

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The repellent efficacy of 17 essential oils against the German cockroach, Blattella germanica was examined using a T-tube olfactometer. Five oils repelled B. germanica with good efficacy, ranging from 70.0 to 96.7%. Four of these oils, grapefruit, lemon, lime, and orange, were from the citrus family Rutaceae. These citrus essential oils showed similar repellent activity against two more cockroach species, such as Periplaneta americana and P. fuliginosa. Gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectrometry analyses revealed that the major components responsible for the repellent activity of the citrus oils were limonene, b-pinene and g-terpinene. Limonene appears to be the main component responsible for the repellent activity rather than b-pinene and g-terpinene. The repellent efficacy of these components varied with different doses and the cockroach species tested. It is likely that minor components of the oils also contributed to the overall repellent activity of citrus essential oils, except orange oil. The activity of orange oil is almost solely attributed to the activity of limonene. Also, the repellent activity of citrus oil and that of each of the terpenoids makes little difference to the efficacy of a repellant against the three species of cockroaches.

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Repellent activity of citrus oils against the cockroaches Blattella germanica, Periplaneta americana and P. fuliginosa

et al. 2009

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“…Sendo assim, fipronil mostrou ser viável como opção de controle em programas de manejo da resistência de B. germanica a deltametrina e clorpirifós. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Insecta, barata alemã, praga urbana, inseticida O controle da barata alemã, Blattella germanica (L.), tem sido realizado principalmente com inseticidas, e a seleção de populações resistentes aos produtos utilizados tem sido um dos grandes entraves no seu controle, principalmente a produtos do grupo dos organofosforados e piretróides (Milio et al 1987, Cochran 1989, Lee et al 1996.…”

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“…Posteriormente, a resistência a esse inseticida foi confirmada também em outros países, com razões de resistência variando de 1,4 a 58 vezes (Milio et al 1987, Hemingway et al 1993. Porém, na grande maioria dos casos as intensidades de resistência a clorpirifós têm sido baixas e geralmente inferiores a cinco vezes (Cochran 1989). A resistência a piretróides também tem se tornado um problema sério em B. germanica (Ebbett & Cochran 1997) e o primeiro caso de resistência foi documentado na antiga União Soviética em 1979 para tetrametrina (Georghiou & Lagunes-Tejeda 1991).…”

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Caracterização da resistência de Blattella germanica (L.) (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) a Deltametrina e clorpirifós e relações de resistência cruzada com fipronil

Salmeron¹,

Omoto²

2003

Neotrop. Entomol.

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-The objectives of this study were to characterize the resistance of Blattella germanica (L.) to deltamethrin and chlorpyrifos and to evaluate their cross-resistance relationships to fipronil. The isolation of resistance was done under laboratory conditions from field-collected populations. Three cycles of selection pressure with deltamethrin and chlorpyrifos were conducted to obtain the Deltamethrin-R and Chlorpyrifos-R strains. The estimated LD 50 for the susceptible (SUS) strain was 0.24 (IC 95% 0.18 -0.31) and for Deltamethrin-R strain was 10.26 (IC 95% 7.28 -14.17) µg deltametrina/mg. For chlorpyrifos, LD 50 for the SUS strain was 4.16 (IC 95% 2.80 -5.33) and for Chlorpyrifos-R strain was 24.98 (IC 95% 20.90 -30.28) µg chlorpyrifos/mg. Therefore, the resistance ratios were approximately 43-and 6-fold to deltamethrin and chlorpyrifos, respectively. A low intensity of cross-resistance (approximately 2-fold) was observed between fipronil and the insecticides deltamethrin and chlorpyrifos. Thus, fipronil can be used as a good candidate in resistance management programs of B. germanica to deltamethrin and chlorpyrifos.KEY WORDS: Insecta, German cockroach, urban pest, insecticide RESUMO -Os objetivos deste trabalho foram o de caracterizar a resistência de Blattella germanica (L.) aos inseticidas deltametrina e clorpirifós e avaliar as relações de resistência cruzada desses inseticidas com fipronil. O isolamento da resistência foi realizado em condições de laboratório a partir de populações coletadas no campo. Três ciclos de pressão de seleção foram realizados com deltametrina e clorpirifós para a obtenção das linhagens Deltametrina-R e Clorpirifós-R. A DL 50 estimada para deltametrina na linhagem suscetível (SUS) foi de 0,24 (IC 95% 0,18 -0,31) e na linhagem Deltametrina-R de 10,26 (IC 95% 7,28 -14,17) µg deltametrina/mg. Para clorpirifós, a DL 50 estimada para a linhagem SUS foi de 4,16 (IC 95% 2,80 -5,33) e para a linhagem Clorpirifós-R foi de 24,98 (IC 95% 20,28) µg clorpirifós/mg. Portanto, as razões de resistência foram de aproximadamente 43 e seis vezes para deltametrina e clorpirifós, respectivamente. Uma baixa intensidade de resistência cruzada (de aproximadamente duas vezes) foi verificada entre fipronil e os inseticidas deltametrina e clorpirifós. Sendo assim, fipronil mostrou ser viável como opção de controle em programas de manejo da resistência de B. germanica a deltametrina e clorpirifós.

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Biochemical characterization and purification of esterases from three strains of German cockroach,Blattella germanica (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae)

Prabhakaran

Kamble

1996

Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol.

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Three strains of German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.) showed varying levels of resistance to chlorpyrifos, methyl parathion, propoxur, bendiocarb, and cypermethrin. The general esterase activity was at least twofold higher than susceptible strain. The subcellular distribution studies revealed that the majority of the esterase activity is present in the 100,000g cytosolic fraction. Only a small portion of the activity was membrane bound. Using non‐denaturing gel electrophoresis, ten isozymes were identified in German cockroaches. These isozymes were isolated individually from the gels and analyzed for differences in activity. The isozymes E5, E6, and E7 of resistant strains had significantly higher specific activities when compared with the susceptible strain. The purification process using various column chromatography and preparative gel electrophoresis resulted in 9–11% of total esterase recovery. About double the amount of E6 was recovered from the resistant strains when compared with the susceptible strain. Kinetic analyses of E6 did not indicate differences in Km and Vmax values between the resistant and susceptible strains. Also, inhibition of esterase activity by paraoxon, chlorpyrifos, and propoxur did not suggest any structural differences in esterase E6 between strains. The results suggest that the increased production of E6 esterase contributes to insecticide resistance in German cockroaches. The role of E6 may be sequestration of toxic molecules rather than hydrolysis. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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Monitoring for Insecticide Resistance in Field-Collected Strains of the German Cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae)

Cited by 80 publications

References 0 publications

Repellent activity of citrus oils against the cockroaches Blattella germanica, Periplaneta americana and P. fuliginosa

Repellent activity of citrus oils against the cockroaches Blattella germanica, Periplaneta americana and P. fuliginosa

Caracterização da resistência de Blattella germanica (L.) (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) a Deltametrina e clorpirifós e relações de resistência cruzada com fipronil

Biochemical characterization and purification of esterases from three strains of German cockroach,Blattella germanica (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae)

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