Monitoring inequality in water access: Challenges for the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

Cetrulo, Tiago Balieiro; Marques, Rui Cunha; Malheiros, Tadeu Fabrí­cio; Cetrulo, Natália Molina

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138746

Cited by 54 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Beyond local coverage gaps, a variety of inequality metrics have been employed in measuring geographic inequalities in water and sanitation access (Cetrulo et al . 2020), among which many can be decomposed at a regional level (Pullan et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping access to basic hygiene services in low- and middle-income countries: A cross-sectional case study of geospatial disparities

Bain

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Handwashing with water and soap, is among the most a cost-effective interventions to improve public health. Yet billions of people globally lacking handwashing facilities with water and soap on premises, with gaps particularly found in low- and middle-income countries. Targeted efforts to expand access to basic hygiene services require data at geospatially explicit scales. Drawing on country-specific cross-sectional Demographic and Health Surveys with georeferenced hygiene data, we developed an ensemble model to predict the prevalence of basic hygiene facilities in Malawi, Nepal, Nigeria, Pakistan and Uganda. The ensemble model was based on a multiple-level stacking structure, where five predictive modelling algorithms were used to produce sub-models, and a random forest model was used to generalise the final predictions. An inverse distance weighted interpolation was incorporated in the random forest model to account for spatial autocorrelation. Local coverage and a local dissimilarity index were calculated to examine the geographic disparities in access. Our methodology produced robust outputs, as evidenced by performance evaluations (all R2 were above 0.8 with the exception of Malawi where R2 = 0.6). Among the five study countries, Pakistan had the highest overall coverage, whilst Malawi had the poorest coverage. Apparent disparities in basic hygiene services were found across geographic locations and between urban and rural settings. Nigeria had the highest level of inequalities in basic hygiene services, whilst Malawi showed the least segregation between populations with and without basic hygiene services. Both educational attainment and wealth were important predictors of the geospatial distribution of basic hygiene services. By producing geospatially explicit estimates of the prevalence of handwashing facilities with water and soap, this study provides a means of identifying geographical disparities in basic hygiene services. The method and outputs can be useful tools to identify areas of low coverage and to support efficient and precise targeting of efforts to scale up access to handwashing facilities and shift social and cultural norms on handwashing.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping access to basic hygiene services in low- and middle-income countries: A cross-sectional case study of geospatial disparities

Bain

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Nevertheless, several studies have focused on inequality implications such as hunger, energy access and water access, also under the perspective of climate change Rosenberg et al (2020); Fujimori et al (2019); Cetrulo et al (2020). But IAM still struggle to fully represent inequality aspects, and this challenge increases when multiple sectors are under scope Rao et al (2017).…”

Section: Geophysical Biasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate-Land-Energy-Water Nexus Models Across Scales: Progress, Gaps and Best Accessibility Practices

Vinca

Riahi

Rowe

et al. 2021

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Approaches that integrate feedback between climate, land, energy and water (CLEW) have progressed significantly in scope and complexity. The so-called nexus approaches have shown their usefulness in assessing strategies to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals in the contexts of increasing demands, resource scarcity, and climate change. However, most nexus analyses omit some important inter-linkages that could actually be addressed. The omissions often stem from technical and practical considerations, but also from limited dissemination of new open-source frameworks incorporating recent advances. We review and present a set of models that can meet the needs of decision makers for analysis tools capable of addressing a broad range of nexus questions. Particular attention is given to model accessibility, usability and community support. The other objective of this review is to discuss research gaps, and critical needs and opportunities for further model development from a scientific viewpoint. We explore at different scales where and why some nexus interactions are most relevant. We find that both very small scale and global models tend to neglect some CLEW interactions, but for different reasons. The former rarely include climate impacts, which are often marginal at the local level, while the latter mostly lack some aspects because of the complexity of large full CLEW systems at the global level.

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“…5. The UN strategies do not focus on the inequalities in water access and social mobility but some studies have reported ways to reduce such inequalities too (Cetrulo et al, 2020;Hackl, 2018). It is seen that though the women employment is increasing day by day which is good progress as in the case of SDG 5, but their income isn't justifying as compared to a man with a similar performance (not in all the cases) (UNESCO Inclusive Policy Lab, 2020a) which in turn contrasts the development in both SDG 10 & 5.…”

Section: Social Equalities (Sdg 5 and 10)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of COVID-19 on Sustainable Development Goals and Effective Approaches to Maneuver them in the Post-Pandemic Environment

Elavarasan

Pugazhendhi²,

Shafiullah

et al. 2021

Preprint

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To resume the construction of a sustainable world, it is crucial to assess the damage imparted by the pandemic to the seventeen Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). For this purpose, this study is formulated to assess the endurance of SDGs amidst the reverberating wave of impacts that unfolded from the pandemic, and further, to provide a direction in the post-pandemic environment to effectively progress towards the SDGs. A detailed investigation is carried out to examine the drag resulted due to the pandemic impacts in every goal and a quantified impact analysis is performed in terms of the targets of the SDGs. The results indicate that SDG 1 and SDG 8 are the most impacted goal. To dive deep down into the SDGs, the characterization of SDGs from their elemental point of view such as nature of goals, depending on factors, locus of the goal and SDGs interaction is accomplished. Further, a novel parameter, the degree of randomness is proposed whose application in environmental research is immense. The impact on each goal and impact interaction between all the SDGs are also mapped, through which the dynamics of SDG interaction is elaborated. In context with the post-pandemic scenario, the strategies to achieve the SDGs with environmental focus are presented with prioritization factor that helps in the quick revitalization. This prioritization factor is formulated by employing a multi-criteria analysis methodology. To add to it, the fundamental elements of SDGs are built upon one another to frame an optimized and effective approach to achieve the SDGs in the post-pandemic environment. Despite the strategies, a conceptual framework to align the business practices with the SDGs is propounded. This study deep down would provide a unique perspective to the research community and would impart deeper knowledge in connection with sustainability while the solutions framed would steer the policy and decision-makers.

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Monitoring inequality in water access: Challenges for the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

Cited by 54 publications

References 38 publications

Mapping access to basic hygiene services in low- and middle-income countries: A cross-sectional case study of geospatial disparities

Mapping access to basic hygiene services in low- and middle-income countries: A cross-sectional case study of geospatial disparities

Climate-Land-Energy-Water Nexus Models Across Scales: Progress, Gaps and Best Accessibility Practices

Impacts of COVID-19 on Sustainable Development Goals and Effective Approaches to Maneuver them in the Post-Pandemic Environment

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