Monitoring influenza and respiratory syncytial virus in wastewater. Beyond COVID-19

Toribio-Avedillo, Daniel; Gómez-Gómez, Clara; Sala-Comorera, Laura; Rodríguez-Rubio, Lorena; Carcereny, Albert; García-Pedemonte, David; Pintó, Rosa M.; Guix, Susana; Galofré, Belén; Bosch, Albert; Merino, Susana; Muniesa, Maite

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164495

Cited by 56 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…This study presents the results of unique RSV surveillance using wastewater. To our knowledge, only five studies have been published on the surveillance of RSV in wastewater, which were limited to smaller geographical areas and not performed at the national level (Ahmed et al, 2023; Ando et al, 2023; Boehm et al, 2022; Hughes et al, 2022; Toribio-Avedillo et al, 2023). We present the results of national RSV surveillance.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the correlations between the clinical data and wastewater data in this study are similar to previously reported values, although one study did not find a statistical correlation between RSV wastewater data and cases. However, the data were correlated with bronchiolitis cases, which is not a specific indicator of RSV cases (Toribio-Avedillo et al, 2023). Furthermore, Hughes et al (2022), Ahmed et al (2023), and Ando et al (2023) show a phenomenon similar to that revealed in this study; there are differences in the correlation coefficients between different WWTPs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wastewater-based surveillance of respiratory syncytial virus epidemic at the national level in Finland

Länsivaara,

Lehto,

Hyder

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of wastewater-based surveillance in the monitoring of epidemics at the national level in Finland. To discover the correlation of wastewater data and register data, the 2021—2022 respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) epidemic in Finland was analyzed from wastewater and the Finnish National Infectious Diseases Register. The study was performed using samples that were collected monthly from May 2021 to July 2022 from ten wastewater treatment plants that cover 40% of the Finnish population. Respiratory syncytial virus detection in 24-h composite samples of influent wastewater was performed using RT-qPCR. Respiratory syncytial virus wastewater data were positively correlated with the National Infectious Diseases Register data for the sampling week (correlation coefficient, CC min = 0.412, max = 0.865). Furthermore, the cumulative incidence of respiratory syncytial virus from the sampling week to three weeks afterward was strongly correlated with the wastewater data (CC min = 0.482, max = 0.814), showing the potential of wastewater-based surveillance for use in estimating the course of the epidemic. When the register-based incidence of RSV was at least four cases/100,000 persons/week in the sampling week, it was detected in all wastewater samples. This study showed that wastewater surveillance is useful in the surveillance of respiratory syncytial virus epidemics, and its potential in the surveillance of other epidemics should be explored further.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wastewater-based surveillance of respiratory syncytial virus epidemic at the national level in Finland

Länsivaara,

Lehto,

Hyder

et al. 2023

Preprint

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show abstract

“…Total cellular RNA was extracted by TRIzol (TaKaRa), and then the reverse transcription reaction system was prepared by PrimeScript™ RT reagent Kit (TaKaRa). The components were thoroughly mixed and centrifuged in a palm centrifuge, then placed in a PCR instrument and the reaction conditions were set to 15 min at 37°C and 5 s at 85°C to obtain the cDNA for use as a qRT‐PCR template 34 . The Real‐time PCR reaction system was prepared using TB Green Premix Ex Taq II (Tli RNaseH Plus) from TAKARA, and the components were thoroughly mixed and centrifuged in a palm centrifuge, then placed in a fluorescence quantitative PCR instrument (LightCycler 96 Fluorescence PCR) and set to a standard two‐step PCR amplification program: 95°C for 30 s, followed by 40 cycles at 95°C for 5 s and 60°C for 30 s 35 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The components were thoroughly mixed and centrifuged in a palm centrifuge, then placed in a PCR instrument and the reaction conditions were set to 15 min at 37°C and 5 s at 85°C to obtain the cDNA for use as a qRT-PCR template. 34 The Realtime PCR reaction system was prepared using TB Green Premix Ex Taq II (Tli RNaseH Plus) from TAKARA, and the components were thoroughly mixed and centrifuged in a palm centrifuge, then placed in a fluorescence quantitative PCR instrument (LightCycler 96 Fluorescence PCR) and set to a standard two-step PCR amplification program: 95°C for 30 s, followed by 40 cycles at 95°C for 5 s and 60°C for 30 s. 35 β-actin was used as the internal control for normalization. Relative expression was calculated as the fold change in expression using the 2 −ΔΔCt method.…”

Section: Rna Isolation and Qrt-pcrmentioning

confidence: 99%

TLR4 TIR domain and nucleolin GAR domain synergistically mediate RSV infection and induce neuronal inflammatory damage in SH‐SY5Y cells

Jiang,

Huang,

Gui

et al. 2024

Journal of Medical Virology

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Previous research results of our group showed that Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) and nucleolin synergistically mediate respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in human central neuron cells, but the specific mechanism remains unclear. Here we designed and synthesized lentiviruses with TIR (674–815 aa), TLR4 (del 674–815 aa), GAR (645–707 aa), and NCL (del 645–707 aa) domains, and obtained stable overexpression cell lines by drug screening, and subsequently infected RSV at different time points. Laser confocal microscopy and coimmunoprecipitation were used for the observation of co‐localization and interaction of TIR/GAR domains. Western blot analysis was used for the detection of p‐NF‐κB and LC3 protein expression. Real‐time PCR was used for the detection of TLR4/NCL mRNA expression. ELISA assay was used to measure IL‐6, IL‐1β, and TNF‐α concentrations and flow cytometric analysis was used for the study of apoptosis. Our results suggest that overexpression of TIR and GAR domains can exacerbate apoptosis and autophagy, and that TIR and GAR domains can synergistically mediate RSV infection and activate the NF‐κB signaling pathway, which regulates the secretion of downstream inflammatory factors, such as IL‐6, IL‐1β, and TNF‐α, and ultimately leads to neuronal inflammatory injury.

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“…Wastewater provides a composite biological sample for a community that can be used to monitor the local occurrence of infectious diseases. Previous studies have demonstrated that wastewater concentrations of RSV RNA correlate with disease occurrence within the communities contributing to wastewater; − however, these studies have been conducted at small geographic scales. We have previously demonstrated that wastewater-based measurements of influenza can be related to traditional surveillance metrics across the US .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observations of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Nucleic Acids in Wastewater Solids Across the United States in the 2022–2023 Season: Relationships with RSV Infection Positivity and Hospitalization Rates

Zulli,

Varkila,

Parsonnet

et al. 2024

ACS EST Water

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Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of respiratory illness and hospitalization, but clinical surveillance detects only a minority of cases. Wastewater surveillance could determine the onset and extent of RSV circulation in the absence of sensitive case detection, but to date, studies of RSV in wastewater are few. We measured RSV RNA concentrations in wastewater solids from 176 sites during the 2022−2023 RSV season and compared those to publicly available RSV infection positivity and hospitalization rates. Concentrations ranged from undetectable to 10 7 copies per gram. RSV RNA concentration aggregated at state and national levels correlated with infection positivity and hospitalization rates. RSV season onset was determined using both wastewater and clinical positivity rates using independent algorithms for 14 states where both data were available at the start of the RSV season. In 4 of 14 states, wastewater and clinical surveillance identified RSV season onset during the same week; in 3 states, wastewater onset preceded clinical onset, and in 7 states, wastewater onset occurred after clinical onset. Wastewater concentrations generally peaked in the same week as hospitalization rates but after case positivity rates peaked. Differences in onset and peaks in wastewater versus clinical data may reflect inherent differences in the surveillance approaches.

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Monitoring influenza and respiratory syncytial virus in wastewater. Beyond COVID-19

Cited by 56 publications

References 59 publications

Wastewater-based surveillance of respiratory syncytial virus epidemic at the national level in Finland

Wastewater-based surveillance of respiratory syncytial virus epidemic at the national level in Finland

TLR4 TIR domain and nucleolin GAR domain synergistically mediate RSV infection and induce neuronal inflammatory damage in SH‐SY5Y cells

Observations of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Nucleic Acids in Wastewater Solids Across the United States in the 2022–2023 Season: Relationships with RSV Infection Positivity and Hospitalization Rates

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