“…In particular, the scientific community has focused on detecting phosphate derivatives because of their relevant role in biologic systems, especially in the regulation of metabolic mechanisms in cells [ 5 ]. There are many examples of this, including the use of cyclam [ 6 , 7 ], cyclen [ 8 , 9 , 10 ] and other polyamines [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. One of the most successful approaches was developed by Hamachi et al It involves coupling fluorophores to a di-(2-picolyl) amine unit, DPA, which has a particularly high affinity for Zn 2+ , Cd 2+ and Cu 2+ , and then using the fluorophore-DPA-metal complex as a luminescent sensor for phosphate species [ 15 , 16 , 17 ].…”