Monitoring insecticide resistance of adult and larval Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in Phnom Penh, Cambodia

Boyer, Sébastien; Maquart, Pierre‐Olivier; Chhuoy, Kalyan; Suor, Kimhuor; Chhum, Moeun; Heng, Kimly; Leng, Sokkeang; Fontenille, Didier; Marcombe, Sébastien

doi:10.1186/s13071-022-05156-3

Cited by 13 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Particularly in Phnom Penh city, two alleles (V1016G + F1534C and L199F + L982W + F1534C) that confer hyper-resistance to pyrethroids are expected to account for most of the population, making it nearly impossible to control A. aegypti with pyrethroids in this region. This is also consistent with the fact that A. aegypti collected in Phnom Penh showed an extremely high level of resistance to many pyrethroid insecticides (24). The only previous report on the genotyping of Vgsc in the A. aegypti population from Cambodia showed that all 10 individuals collected at Battambang city, 280 km away from Phnom Penh (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

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Discovery of super–insecticide-resistant dengue mosquitoes in Asia: Threats of concomitant knockdown resistance mutations

et al. 2022

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Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) is the main mosquito vector for dengue and other arboviral infectious diseases. Control of this important vector highly relies on the use of insecticides, especially pyrethroids. The high frequency (>78%) of the L982W substitution was detected at the target site of the pyrethroid insecticide, the voltage-gated sodium channel (Vgsc) of A. aegypti collected from Vietnam and Cambodia. Alleles having concomitant mutations L982W + F1534C and V1016G + F1534C were also confirmed in both countries, and their frequency was high (>90%) in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Strains having these alleles exhibited substantially higher levels of pyrethroid resistance than any other field population ever reported. The L982W substitution has never been detected in any country of the Indochina Peninsula except Vietnam and Cambodia, but it may be spreading to other areas of Asia, which can cause an unprecedentedly serious threat to the control of dengue fever as well as other Aedes -borne infectious diseases.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…In 2022, Boyer et al. ( 24 ) also reported similar results using seven pyrethroid insecticides. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanism of pyrethroid resistance of A. aegypti collected from Cambodia remains unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Discovery of super–insecticide-resistant dengue mosquitoes in Asia: Threats of concomitant knockdown resistance mutations

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) is the main mosquito vector for dengue and other arboviral infectious diseases. Control of this important vector highly relies on the use of insecticides, especially pyrethroids. The high frequency (>78%) of the L982W substitution was detected at the target site of the pyrethroid insecticide, the voltage-gated sodium channel (Vgsc) of A. aegypti collected from Vietnam and Cambodia. Alleles having concomitant mutations L982W + F1534C and V1016G + F1534C were also confirmed in both countries, and their frequency was high (>90%) in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Strains having these alleles exhibited substantially higher levels of pyrethroid resistance than any other field population ever reported. The L982W substitution has never been detected in any country of the Indochina Peninsula except Vietnam and Cambodia, but it may be spreading to other areas of Asia, which can cause an unprecedentedly serious threat to the control of dengue fever as well as other Aedes -borne infectious diseases.

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“…The most recent dengue epidemics in Cambodia were in 2007 (39,618 cases) and 2012 (42,362 cases). However, Cambodia reported a dramatic increase in 2019, with cases of 68,597 ( Cousien et al, 2019 ; Boyer et al, 2022 ). In 2019, Chinese business people set up new factories in Cambodia and organized a large number of domestic workers to work there, which may have resulted in an increase of imported dengue cases from Cambodia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The epidemiology and evolutionary dynamics of massive dengue outbreak in China, 2019

et al. 2023

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IntroductionIn 2019, China experienced massive dengue outbreaks with high incidence and expanded outbreak areas. The study aims to depict dengue’s epidemiology and evolutionary dynamics in China and explore the possible origin of these outbreaks.MethodsRecords of confirmed dengue cases in 2019 were obtained from the China Notifiable Disease Surveillance System. The sequences of complete envelope gene detected from the outbreak provinces in China in 2019 were retrieved from GenBank. Maximum Likelihood trees were constructed to genotype the viruses. The median-joining network was used to visualize fine-scale genetic relationships. Four methods were used to estimate the selective pressure.ResultsA total of 22,688 dengue cases were reported, 71.4% of which were indigenous cases and 28.6% were imported cases (including from abroad and from other domestic provinces). The abroad cases were predominantly imported from Southeast Asia countries (94.6%), with Cambodia (3,234 cases, 58.9%), and Myanmar (1,097 cases, 20.0%) ranked as the top two. A total of 11 provinces with dengue outbreaks were identified in the central-south of China, of which Yunnan and Guangdong provinces had the highest number of imported and indigenous cases. The primary source of imported cases in Yunnan was from Myanmar, while in the other ten provinces, the majority of imported cases were from Cambodia. Guangdong, Yunnan and Guangxi provinces were China’s primary sources of domestically imported cases. Phylogenetic analysis of the viruses in outbreak provinces revealed three genotypes: (I, IV, and V) in DENV 1, Cosmopolitan and Asian I genotypes in DENV 2, and two genotypes (I and III) in DENV 3. Some genotypes concurrently circulated in different outbreak provinces. Most of the viruses were clustered with those from Southeast Asia. Haplotype network analysis showed that Southeast Asia, possibly Cambodia and Thailand, was the respective origin of the viruses in clade 1 and 4 for DENV 1. Positive selection was detected at codon 386 in clade 1.ConclusionDengue importation from abroad, especially from Southeast Asia, resulted in the dengue epidemic in China in 2019. Domestic transmission between provinces and positive selection on virus evolution may contribute to the massive dengue outbreaks.

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“…This is also consistent with the fact that Ae. aegypti collected in Phnom Penh showed an extremely high level of resistance to many pyrethroid insecticides (32). The only previous report on the genotyping of Vssc in Ae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…aegypti population to permethrin and deltamethrin in the Phnom Penh were 0 and less than 10%, respectively, by WHO diagnostic method (31). In 2022, Boyer et al also reported similar results using seven pyrethroid insecticides (32). Nevertheless, the molecular mechanism of pyrethroid resistance of Ae.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Emergence of hyper insecticide-resistant dengue vectors in Indochina Peninsula: threats of concomitant knockdown resistance mutations

Kasai

Itokawa

Uemura

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) is the main mosquito vector for dengue and other arboviral infectious diseases. Control of this important vector highly relies on the use of insecticides, especially pyrethroids. Nevertheless, the development of pyrethroid resistance is a major obstacle to mosquito/disease control worldwide. Here, we focused on the mutations in the target site of pyrethroid insecticides, voltage-sensitive sodium channel (Vssc), and found that Ae. aegypti collected from Vietnam has the L982W allele in the Vssc at a high frequency (>79%). L982W mutation is located in the highly conserved region of Vssc that is associated with sodium-ion selectivity and permeation rate. Strains having the L982W allele showed similar or even higher levels of resistance to pyrethroids than those having V1016G, a typical knockdown resistance allele in Asia. Furthermore, concomitant mutations L982W+F1534C and V1016G+F1534C were confirmed, and strains having these multiple Vssc mutations exhibited incomparably higher levels of pyrethroid resistance than any other field population ever reported. Molecular modeling analysis confirmed that these concomitant mutant alleles could interfere with approaching pyrethroid to Vssc. Remarkably, >90% of Vssc of Ae. aegypti were occupied by these hyper insecticide-resistant haplotypes in Phnom Penh city, Cambodia. Analysis of whole Vssc coding genes suggested that Vsscs have evolved into stronger resistant forms efficiently through gene recombination events. At this point, L982W has never been detected in Vssc of Ae. aegypti from any other neighboring countries. We strongly emphasize the need to be vigilant about these strong resistance genes spreading to the world through Indochina Peninsula.

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Monitoring insecticide resistance of adult and larval Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in Phnom Penh, Cambodia

Cited by 13 publications

References 42 publications

Discovery of super–insecticide-resistant dengue mosquitoes in Asia: Threats of concomitant knockdown resistance mutations

Discovery of super–insecticide-resistant dengue mosquitoes in Asia: Threats of concomitant knockdown resistance mutations

The epidemiology and evolutionary dynamics of massive dengue outbreak in China, 2019

Emergence of hyper insecticide-resistant dengue vectors in Indochina Peninsula: threats of concomitant knockdown resistance mutations

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