Monitoring ‘monitoring’ and evaluating ‘evaluation’: an ethical framework for monitoring and evaluation in public health: Table 1

Abstract

Monitoring and evaluation (M&E) is an essential part of public health programmes. Since M&E is the backbone of public health programmes, ethical considerations are important in their conduct. Some of the key ethical considerations are avoiding conflicts of interest, maintaining independence of judgement, maintaining fairness, transparency, full disclosure, privacy and confidentiality, respect, responsibility, accountability, empowerment and sustainability. There are several ethical frameworks in public health, but none focusing on the monitoring and evaluation process. There is a need to institutionalise the ethical review of M&E proposals. A theoretical framework for ethical considerations is proposed in this paper. This proposed theoretical framework can act as the blueprint for building the capacity of ethics committees to review M&E proposals. A case study is discussed in this context. After thorough field testing, this practical and field-based ethical framework can be widely used by donor agencies, M&E teams, institutional review boards and ethics committees.

Sensors: Views of Staff of a Disability Service Organization

“…Advances in sensor technologies outside and within healthcare applications are seen to have significant impact on privacy [ 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 ]. Various papers highlight that all OECD Privacy principles are in high to very high danger of being violated [ 42 , 43 ]. Townsend looked at the trade-off between autonomy and privacy [ 44 ].…”

Ethical issues in the development and implementation of nutrition-related public health policies and interventions: A scoping review

“…Justice and equity are addressed in a vast majority of these articles, as they constitute one of the core principles in public health ethics and illustrate the strong link that exists between population health and social inequities. Several of these articles stress the lack of integration of ethics and ethical guidance in public health policies and interventions [ 40 , 43 , 44 , 48 , 50 , 55 , 57 , 61 ]. Education and/or the assistance in ethics while developing/implementing public health interventions is also recommended [ 12 , 40 , 44 , 53 , 55 ].…”

“…Education and/or the assistance in ethics while developing/implementing public health interventions is also recommended [ 12 , 40 , 44 , 53 , 55 ]. Ten articles comment on existing and/or propose frameworks for an ethical evaluation of public health interventions in various contexts (including in health promotion, allocation decisions in humanitarian aid, health governance, and the monitoring and evaluation of interventions) [ 12 , 23 , 36 , 39 , 46 , 48 , 54 , 57 , 58 , 61 ].…”

“…There is a direct link between sustainability and food security (see previous section). Among the 24 papers (14,2%–see Table 1 ) addressing sustainability [ 26 , 48 , 56 , 57 , 71 , 87 , 96 , 99 , 100 , 104 , 109 , 110 , 116 , 143 , 155 , 157 , 166 , 167 , 176 – 178 , 180 , 182 , 183 ], 19 also appear in the field of food security. The sustainability of nutrition-related public health interventions, as well as the sustainability of effective food production depend on numerous factors, among which ethical consideration for the importance of partnerships with local communities, of the accountability of governments and private firms, of cultural factors, of justice and equity (for instance fair trading), and social determinants of health (see Table 1 ).…”

Monitoring and Evaluation of Health Promotion Programmes

“…K tomu, aby se konstatovalo, že intervence nepracuje, je téměř vždy zapotřebí kombinace interní a externí evaluace -interní evaluace sama o sobě nemá logicky motiv k tomu, aby zastavila činnost své vlastní instituce. Kombinace vnitřní a vnější evaluace je důležitá také proto, že každá z nich poskytuje jinou, specifickou informaci (7,8). Proto, aby byly výsledky projektu předvedeny veřejnosti, může sloužit jedině externí evaluace -interní evaluace v tomto směru neplní účel, podle úsloví o ptáku, chválícím své vlastní peří − ona nezvyšuje navenek hodnověrnost dosažených výsledků.…”