Monitoring muscle damage markers during a four-week downhill walking exercise program

Abstract

Abstract-Eccentric-based exercise is known to induce muscle damage (MD). The purpose of this study was to investigate effect of downhill walking (DW) sessions on MD and aerobic markers in young adults. Eight male subjects were submitted to a 4-week DW periodized exercise program. Subjects' soreness (SOR) was assessed each training day. Serum creatine quinase activity (CK) was collected before the first training session, and at the end of each of the four weeks. Oxygen uptake (VO 2 ) and perceived exertion (PE) were assessed during the last training session every week. Increases in SOR were found only at the third and fourth training days. Increased CK concentration was found at the third training week. No significant increases in VO2 and PE were found throughout the program. We concluded that DW sessions elicit significant MD, but not enough to impair it in further sessions. Therefore, DW can be used as a training protocol following proper periodization. Keywords: downhill walking, muscle damage, trainingResumo-"Monitoramento de marcadores de dano muscular durante um programa de quatro semanas de treinamento de caminhada em declive." Exercícios excêntricos costumam induzir dano muscular (DM). O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar respostas aeróbias e de DM a sessões de caminhada em declive (CaED) em adultos. Oito voluntários realizaram um programa periodizado de treinamento de CaED. A dor muscular (DMIT) foi coletada durante todos os dias de treinamento. A atividade sérica de creatina quinase (CK) foi coletada antes da primeira sessão e ao final das semanas 1-4. O consumo de oxigênio (VO 2 ) e a percepção de esforço (PE) foram coletados durante a última sessão de treinamento de cada semana. Aumentos na DMIT foram identificados no terceiro e quarto dias de treinamento. Os valores de CK se apresentaram aumentados na terceira semana. Não foram identificadas diferenças nos valores obtidos de VO2 e PE. Concluímos que sessões de CaED induzem DM, porém este não afeta sessões posteriores. Portanto, a CaED pode ser utilizada como um método de treinamento, possibilitando sua periodização. Palavras-chaves: caminhada em declive, dano muscular, treinamentoResumen-"Marcadores de monitoreo de daño muscular durante un programa de cuatro semanas de entrenamiento a pie cuesta abajo." Ejercicio excéntrico desacostumbrado es conocido por inducir daño muscular (DM). El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar las respuestas a sesiones de caminar cuesta abajo (DW) en los adultos jóvenes, la evaluación de MD y los marcadores de aeróbicos. Ocho sujetos varones fueron sometidos a un programa de ejercicios de periodización de DW de 4 semanas. El dolor de los sujetos (SOR) se evaluó todos los días de entrenamiento. Actividad de la creatina quinasa sérica (CK) se recogió antes de la primera sesión de entrenamiento, y al final de las semanas 1-4. El consumo de oxígeno (VO 2 ) y la percepción subjetiva del esfuerzo (PE) se evaluaron durante la última sesión de entrenamiento cada semana. Los aumentos en SOR se encontraron sólo en los tercero ...

Perfil neuromuscular de atletas de handebol durante curta competição no Brasil

“…In our study, alterations in four frequently assessed EIMD markers (SOR, CIR, ROM and CMJ) were identified throughout the competition. However, an addition effect might have led to greater changes in EIMD markers that would not be manifested after a single match, as previously described in a similar model 22 . However, considering that the most important TH competitions have a short-term, condensed characteristic 23 , it is also important to investigate the level of stress imposed to the neuromuscular system throughout them.…”

“…However, although no significant differences were found, CMJ presented a slight decrease on the first day of competition, remaining below baseline values up to the third day and, finally, falling to a significantly different level on the fourth day. We believe that this significant decrease might have occurred due to the aforementioned addition effect 22 , in which subsequent ruptures on the muscular ultra-structural components kept weakening the athletes' muscles up to a point in which it produced significant less power and, consequently, a shorter jump height. It is important to state that assessments were performed with athletes jumping with both limbs.…”

Efeitos da caminhada em declive na aptidão aeróbia e neuromuscular em adultos jovens

“…The training protocol started at a walking speed of 5.0 km/h for DWG and 4.5 km/h for LWG, with increments of 0.5 km/h every week. The initial speeds were not similar between groups due to dif-ferences in the metabolic requirements for level and downhill walking 17 , and were set based on a pilot study. Oxygen uptake was continuously assessed during the final training session of each week for both groups using a pulmonary gas exchange analyzer (Cosmed Quart PFTergo, Rome, Italy).…”

“…Even though a protective phenomenon known as repeated bout effect is obtained after the occurrence of EIMD, blunting the damaging response after other sessions, compliance to training sessions that elicit high magnitude of EIMD is low 13 . Recent studies have shown that downhill walking (DW) can be considered an alternative to downhill running [14][15][16][17] . Indeed, Lima et al 17 demonstrated that a 4-week periodized DW training program induced moderate magnitudes of EIMD, suggesting that DW can be adopted as training stimulus without impairing further sessions.…”