Monitoring of adenovirus serotypes in environmental samples by combined PCR and melting point analyses

Hartmann, Nils Marten; Dartscht, Melanie; Szewzyk, Regine; Selinka, Hans‐Christoph

doi:10.1186/1743-422x-10-190

Cited by 24 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Since an infected person excretes 10 7 to 10 13 virus particles per day (19), analysis of incoming sewage may be a useful tool to reveal the presence of and quantify excreted fecal human pathogens and thereby give an estimation of the number of infected persons. Most studies on enteric viruses in sewage only detect the viruses and do not relate the virus sequences identified in sewage to those from patients from the same sampling time and region (27,(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42). Several of the techniques for virus detection in sewage have also been developed for detection of poliovirus in line with the WHO polio eradication program (36,(43)(44)(45)(46)(47)(48)(49).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Pathogenic Viruses in Sewage Provided Early Warnings of Hepatitis A Virus and Norovirus Outbreaks

Hellmér

Paxéus

Magnius

et al. 2014

Appl Environ Microbiol

430

302

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dMost persons infected with enterically transmitted viruses shed large amounts of virus in feces for days or weeks, both before and after onset of symptoms. Therefore, viruses causing gastroenteritis may be detected in wastewater, even if only a few persons are infected. In this study, the presence of eight pathogenic viruses (norovirus, astrovirus, rotavirus, adenovirus, Aichi virus, parechovirus, hepatitis A virus [HAV], and hepatitis E virus) was investigated in sewage to explore whether their identification could be used as an early warning of outbreaks. Samples of the untreated sewage were collected in proportion to flow at Ryaverket, Gothenburg, Sweden. Daily samples collected during every second week between January and May 2013 were pooled and analyzed for detection of viruses by concentration through adsorption to milk proteins and PCR. The largest amount of noroviruses was detected in sewage 2 to 3 weeks before most patients were diagnosed with this infection in Gothenburg. The other viruses were detected at lower levels. HAV was detected between weeks 5 and 13, and partial sequencing of the structural VP1protein identified three different strains. Two strains were involved in an ongoing outbreak in Scandinavia and were also identified in samples from patients with acute hepatitis A in Gothenburg during spring of 2013. The third strain was unique and was not detected in any patient sample. The method used may thus be a tool to detect incipient outbreaks of these viruses and provide early warning before the causative pathogens have been recognized in health care.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Pathogenic Viruses in Sewage Provided Early Warnings of Hepatitis A Virus and Norovirus Outbreaks

Hellmér

Paxéus

Magnius

et al. 2014

Appl Environ Microbiol

430

302

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“…The Hex1deg/Hex2deg and neHex3deg/neHex4deg primer pairs were originally designed for nested PCR detection of HAdVs for human clinical samples. In an earlier study, the primer pairs were used in PCR and qPCR, and detection of nonhuman adenoviruses cannot be excluded (Hartmann et al 2013). Therefore, this primer maybe matches the nucleotide sequence of PAdV serotype 5.…”

Section: Phylogenetic Analysis Of Hadvsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence, quantification, and typing of human adenoviruses detected in river water in Taiwan

Huang

Hsu

Kao

et al. 2014

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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The prevalence of human adenoviruses (HAdV) in river waters was investigated in this study. Water samples were collected from 13 rivers in Taiwan, concentrated, and assessed for the presence of HAdVs using nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Human AdV positive samples were then subjected to real-time PCR (qPCR) to quantify the viral genomes and further subjected to primer-based genotyping to identify the various serotypes present. For each water sample, several water quality parameters were evaluated, including heterotrophic plate count, total coliform, Escherichia coli, water temperature, pH, conductivity, and dissolved oxygen. Among the 13 rivers examined, four rivers (30.8 %) were found to contain HAdVs. The major genotype was F species HAdV serotype 41. The mean HAdVs concentrations ranged from 6.10 × 10(2) to 8.51 × 10(2) copies/L. No significant differences were observed between the presence of HAdVs, and all of the water quality parameters evaluated (heterotrophic plate count, total coliform, E. coli, water temperature, pH, conductivity, and dissolved oxygen). Given the potential health risks posed by the presence of enteric viruses in environmental waters, further assessment is desirable with respect to possible sources, virus transport, and survival of viruses in the aquatic environment.

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“…It can also be used to monitor specific viruses, which may complement the bacterial indicators already used. Some enteric viruses, like the enterovirus, adenovirus, and orthoreovirus groups, are most readily detected with the currently available methods and are recommended for routine monitoring [ 32 ]. Another benefit of quantitative real-time PCR is that it permits the evaluation of adenoviral concentrations in environmental samples [ 30 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of human adenoviruses and Hepatitis A virus in the final effluent of selected wastewater treatment plants in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa

Osuolale

Okoh

2015

Virol J

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BackgroundMunicipal effluent constitutes a large reservoir of human enteric viruses and bacteria. Contemporary monitoring practices rely on indicator bacteria, and do not test for viruses. Different viruses, including Norwalk-like viruses, Hepatitis A virus (HAV), adenoviruses, and rotaviruses, are important agents of illnesses in humans. The burden of disease caused by adenoviruses manifests as pneumonia, bronchiolitis, otitis media, conjunctivitis, and tonsillitis, whereas HAV infection can manifest as acute inflammatory diseases of the liver, fever, anorexia, malaise, nausea, and abdominal discomfort, followed by jaundice and dark urine. The public health implications of these viruses depend upon the physiological status of the wastewater microbial community.MethodsThe occurrence of human adenovirus (HAdV) and HAV was determined in the final effluents of five wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in the Eastern Cape, South Africa, over 12 months (September 2012–August 2013). The viruses were detected with real-time PCR, and conventional PCR was used for serotyping.ResultsAdenovirus was detected in effluent samples from all five WWTPs and in 64 % of the total samples, whereas HAV was not detected in any effluent sample. At WWPT-A, samples were collected from the final effluent tank (adenoviral concentrations ranged from 1.05 × 101 to 1.10 × 104 genome/L, with a 41.7 % detection rate) and the discharge point (adenoviral concentrations ranged between 1.2 × 101 and 2.8 × 104 genome/L, with a 54.5 % detection rate). At WWPT-B, HAdV was detected in 91.7 % of samples, with viral concentrations of 7.92 × 101–2.37 × 105 genome/L. The HAdV concentrations at WWPT-C were 5.32 × 101–2.20 × 105 genome/L, and the detection rate was 75 %. The adenoviral concentrations at WWPT-D were 1.23 × 103–1.05 × 104 genome/L, and the detection rate was 66.7 %. At WWPT-E, the viral concentrations were 1.08 × 101–5.16 × 104 genome/L, and the detection rate was 54.5 %. Characterization of the adenoviruses revealed HAdV serotypes 2 (1.4 %) and 41 (7.1 %), in species C and F, respectively.ConclusionsThis study is the first to report the prevalence of HAdV in the final effluents of WWTPs in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. The adenoviral detection rates indicate the potential contamination of the environment, with adverse effects on public health.

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Monitoring of adenovirus serotypes in environmental samples by combined PCR and melting point analyses

Cited by 24 publications

References 30 publications

Detection of Pathogenic Viruses in Sewage Provided Early Warnings of Hepatitis A Virus and Norovirus Outbreaks

Detection of Pathogenic Viruses in Sewage Provided Early Warnings of Hepatitis A Virus and Norovirus Outbreaks

Prevalence, quantification, and typing of human adenoviruses detected in river water in Taiwan

Incidence of human adenoviruses and Hepatitis A virus in the final effluent of selected wastewater treatment plants in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa

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