2020
DOI: 10.3390/s20143841
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Monitoring of Cow Location in a Barn by an Open-Source, Low-Cost, Low-Energy Bluetooth Tag System

Abstract: Indoor localization of dairy cows is important for cow behavior recognition and effective farm management. In this paper, we propose a low-cost system for low-accuracy cow localization based on the reception of signals sent by an acceleration measurement system using the Bluetooth Low Energy protocol. The system consists of low-cost tags and receiving stations. The tag specifications and the localization accuracy of the system were studied experimentally. The received signal strength propagation model … Show more

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Cited by 25 publications
(13 citation statements)
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“…However, this approach suffers from the large fingerprint datasets that lead to long retrieval time and processing costs over a vast pasture region. Moreover, authors in [121] and [122] proposed low-cost BLE tags for cow's location tracking with an achieved precision of 3.3 m and an accuracy of 3.27 ∓ 2.11 m in a barn (10 × 40 m2). However, the amount of noise due to tag positioning, orientation sensitivity, and pasture environment structure decline the developed systems learning ability.…”
Section: Livestock Localizationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, this approach suffers from the large fingerprint datasets that lead to long retrieval time and processing costs over a vast pasture region. Moreover, authors in [121] and [122] proposed low-cost BLE tags for cow's location tracking with an achieved precision of 3.3 m and an accuracy of 3.27 ∓ 2.11 m in a barn (10 × 40 m2). However, the amount of noise due to tag positioning, orientation sensitivity, and pasture environment structure decline the developed systems learning ability.…”
Section: Livestock Localizationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Lo-RaWAN can wirelessly transmit data from 300 different types of sensors at a time, which will thereby allow the researchers to avoid the technical complexity and cost of a conventional wired setup. Extending the functionality of the LoRaWAN system to use low-energy Bluetooth technology, by increasing the length of time that data can be acquired from portable sensors before they need to be recharged [104][105][106] would save time and resource overload. To accelerate and facilitate the real-time analysis of the data, cloud servers connected via the internet must be used to store and process the data [32,107], avoiding the need to install complex and expensive computer servers at each individual farm site.…”
Section: Sensor Network Fusion Protocols and Instrumentation Frameworkmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The tag and base station software were written in C++, and C# language was used (Microsoft, USA) for the PC. The lifetime of the tag battery was estimated using power profiling described in Bloch et. al (2020) as about three years.…”
Section: System Designmentioning
confidence: 99%