Monitoring of Environmental Mercury Exposure Using Hair as Bioindicator and the Study of Potential Factors Affecting on It in Karachi

Ali, N.; Shaikh, Melad; Mahmood, Talat; Mumtaz, Majid

doi:10.4236/ajac.2014.52013

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Geosciences 2017, 7, 44 3 of 15 elsewhere [10][11][12][13][14]. UAGM may occur in many urban areas, yet there were no published paper dealing with these activities.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, mercury, when incorporated into the hair, will not have any active metabolism, so the hair can provide long-term information of mercury exposure. The importance of hair as a bioindicator has been discussed elsewhere [10][11][12][13][14]. UAGM may occur in many urban areas, yet there were no published paper dealing with these activities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mercury Exposure and Health Problems in Urban Artisanal Gold Mining (UAGM) in Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia

et al. 2017

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Urban artisanal gold mining (UAGM) in Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, has been run by a number of urban gold workers with gold jewelry manufacture as its core activity. The wastes generated from goldsmiths' activities were further processed by the gold smelters to recover fine gold particles. Smelting gold doré, amalgamation, and burning out the amalgam were the mercury-based gold process usually applied in their work. While working the gold workers are, therefore, potentially exposed to a source of mercury pollution that may cause health problems because of working without proper protection. The aims of this research are to characterize the process of urban artisanal gold mining with the potential mercury exposures during the process, and to assess the health of the gold workers. The results showed that the gold workers had a low educational background, but a relatively high income. The total mercury concentration of gold workers was higher than the control group. They were exposed to intoxicatingly high levels of mercury with the average total mercury concentrations of 6.6 and 10.8 µg/g in the hair of indirect and direct exposed workers, respectively. The health assessment showed that 85% of the gold workers suffered neurological symptoms, such as tremors, and 44%-56% of them experienced restricted fields of vision, slow reflexes, sensory disturbances, unbalanced rigidity, and ataxia. The results also showed that the working years have reasonable correlation with the sum of the positive findings in the 10 neurological symptoms.

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“…Geosciences 2017, 7, 44 3 of 15 elsewhere [10][11][12][13][14]. UAGM may occur in many urban areas, yet there were no published paper dealing with these activities.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mercury Exposure and Health Problems in Urban Artisanal Gold Mining (UAGM) in Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia

et al. 2017

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“…It was recorded that the concentration of mercury in the hair positively correlates with the age of the subjects Children are seemed to be less exposed to pollution, that could be due to the fact that children consume less food than adult or not used of cosmetics. On other hand, this could be associated to malfunction of the defense mechanisms among elder people [61], or as a result of mercury accumulation in the body through the whole lifetime [62].…”

Section: Mercury Concentration In Hair By Living Residence According ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mercury Levels Assessment in the Population of Aby and Frambo Villages in the Vinicity of Aby Lagoon in C&ocirc;te d’Ivoire (West Africa)

Claon,

Kouassi,

Ahouéfa

et al. 2024

JWARP

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The Minamata Convention in the aim to protect human life and the environment, seeks to reduce mercury (Hg) by monitoring it concentrations in the environment. Artisanal and Small-scale Gold Mining (ASGM) has been identified as the most important anthropogenic source of human exposure to Hg. In this context, the main goal of this study was to assess the level of mercury in hair of two (2) populations living along two lagoons respectively Aby and Tendo, in Ivory Coast. To reach this goal, hair samples of 138 residents were collected and analyzed by using Cold Vapor Atomic Fluorescence Spectrophotometry (CV-AFS) technique for mercury concentration. Results showed that for the entire population the Hg mean was 2.34 μg/g. Also, they were ranged between 0.15 to 8.53 μg/g and presented substantial differences amongst the villages. In Aby village, we observed the highest Hg concentrations (Mean = 2.62 μg/g). Our findings showed that almost the entire sample group (82%) exceed the USEPA recommended limit, furthermore 56% of them exceed the normal level of WHO and 2% of the respondent has the unhealthy levels of mercury (≥6 μg Hg/g) of hair by WHO standards. Gender differences in hair mercury varies greatly among reports. Lower levels in women's hair compared to men were reported in the both village. Considering age, the lowest concentrations were observed with children. However, when we take in account the age groups, data suggested that the most exposed sub-population of [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]

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“…Excessive use of these products has the potential to damage consumer health and cause accretion of toxic metals in the environment. 85 …”

Section: Cosmetics and The Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personal-Care Cosmetic Practices in Pakistan: Current Perspectives and Management

Khan¹,

Ullah²,

Khan³

et al. 2021

CCID

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To look superior and acceptable in society, people from all over the world use various types of cosmetic products to enhance or alter their facial appearance and body texture. In recent times, an exponential surge in cosmetic use has been observed in Pakistan, and hence spending money on personal-care products is high. However, there are many reported facts about high loads of lead, mercury, copper, and others hazardous and cancerous elements in local Pakistani cosmetic brands. Consumers of these brands are at high risk of many clinical issues, including cancer. As such, it is a necessity to make people aware of the devastating harmful effects related to cosmetic use. The aim of this study was to provide information for stakeholders and raise awareness in the general public about the use of these local unauthorized personal-care cosmetic products, along with government strategies to stop this cosmetic blight on human health.

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Monitoring of Environmental Mercury Exposure Using Hair as Bioindicator and the Study of Potential Factors Affecting on It in Karachi

Abstract: ABSTRACT

Cited by 7 publications

References 19 publications

Mercury Exposure and Health Problems in Urban Artisanal Gold Mining (UAGM) in Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia

Mercury Exposure and Health Problems in Urban Artisanal Gold Mining (UAGM) in Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia

Mercury Levels Assessment in the Population of Aby and Frambo Villages in the Vinicity of Aby Lagoon in C&ocirc;te d’Ivoire (West Africa)

Personal-Care Cosmetic Practices in Pakistan: Current Perspectives and Management

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Monitoring of Environmental Mercury Exposure Using Hair as Bioindicator and the Study of Potential Factors Affecting on It in Karachi

Abstract: ABSTRACT

Cited by 7 publications

References 19 publications

Mercury Exposure and Health Problems in Urban Artisanal Gold Mining (UAGM) in Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia

Mercury Exposure and Health Problems in Urban Artisanal Gold Mining (UAGM) in Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia

Mercury Levels Assessment in the Population of Aby and Frambo Villages in the Vinicity of Aby Lagoon in C&amp;ocirc;te d’Ivoire (West Africa)

Personal-Care Cosmetic Practices in Pakistan: Current Perspectives and Management

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Product

Resources

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Mercury Levels Assessment in the Population of Aby and Frambo Villages in the Vinicity of Aby Lagoon in Côte d’Ivoire (West Africa)