Monitoring of Gustatory Stimulation of Salivary Glands by Diffusion-Weighted MR Imaging: Comparison of 1.5T and 3T

Habermann, CR; Gossrau, P.; Kooijman, Hendrik; Graessner, Joachim; Cramer, M. C.; Kaul, MG; Reitmeier, F.; Jaehne, M.; Adam, Gerhard

doi:10.3174/ajnr.a0587

Cited by 34 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In previously published articles [10][11][14][15][19][20] of patients and healthy volunteers, the pattern of response to gustatory stimulation in DW-MRI and changes in the ADC as a result of RT to the salivary glands have varied considerably. The correlation between changes in ADC and clinical parameters, such as subjective xerostomia and absolute salivary flow rates remains unclear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This resulted in an initial decrease and subsequent increase in the ADC values. Meanwhile, Habermann [20], Ries [10], Kato [11] -having used lemon juice as a stimulant -and Zhang [14] -who performed the gustatory stimulation with six tablets of 100 mg of ascorbic acid -reported an initial increase and subsequent fluctuation in the ADC values. This pattern of response to gustatory stimulation was also seen in our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…DW-MRI's feasibility of assessing salivary gland function has been studied in healthy volunteers [19][20][21] and in patients with various conditions affecting salivary gland function [10][11] as in HNC patients treated with radiotherapy [12][13][14][15][16]. The previous studies have shown that changes in ADC both before and after gustatory stimulation correlate with changes in salivary gland function.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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“…The advantages are improved signal-to-noise ratio by 30-50%, improved contrast-to-noise ratio by up to 96% and reduced variability in ADC and FA by 34-52%. [26][27][28] Disadvantages of imaging at 3 T include susceptibility artifact and image distortion; but this can be attenuated significantly by parallel imaging techniques, such as SENSE TM (sensitivity encoding). 26,28,29 Field strength should make no difference to the values of FA and ADC obtained, but should improve the accuracy and precision of those measurements.…”

Section: Mr Field Strengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…26,28,29 Field strength should make no difference to the values of FA and ADC obtained, but should improve the accuracy and precision of those measurements. 26,28,30 …”

Section: Mr Field Strengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Principles and Techniques: Lessons for Clinicians

Grover

Tognarelli

Crossey

et al. 2015

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology

325

147

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The development of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for use in medical investigation has provided a huge forward leap in the field of diagnosis, particularly with avoidance of exposure to potentially dangerous ionizing radiation. With decreasing costs and better availability, the use of MRI is becoming ever more pervasive throughout clinical practice. Understanding the principles underlying this imaging modality and its multiple applications can be used to appreciate the benefits and limitations of its use, further informing clinical decisionmaking. In this article, the principles of MRI are reviewed, with further discussion of specific clinical applications such as parallel, diffusion-weighted, and magnetization transfer imaging. MR spectroscopy is also considered, with an overview of key metabolites and how they may be interpreted. Finally, a brief view on how the use of MRI will change over the coming years is presented. ( J CLIN EXP HEPATOL 2015;5:246-255) T he nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) phenomenon was first described experimentally by both Bloch and Purcell in 1946, for which they were both awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1952.1,2 The technique has rapidly evolved since then, following the introduction of wide-bore superconducting magnets (approximately 30 years ago), allowing development of clinical applications. The first clinical magnetic resonance images were produced in Nottingham and Aberdeen in 1980, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is now a widely available, powerful clinical tool. 3,4 This article covers a brief synopsis of basic principles in MRI, followed by an overview of current applications in medical practice.All atomic nuclei consist of protons and neutrons, with a net positive charge. Certain atomic nuclei, such as the hydrogen nucleus, 1 H, or the phosphorus nucleus, 31 P, possess a property known as ''spin'', dependent on the number of protons. This can be conceived as the nucleus spinning around its own axis although this is a mathematical analogy. The nucleus itself does not spin in the classical meaning but by virtue of its constituent parts induces a magnetic moment, generating a local magnetic field with north and south poles. The quantum mechanical description of this dipolar magnet is analogous to classical mechanics of spinning objects. The dipole itself is analogous to a bar magnet, with magnetic poles aligning along its axis of rotation (Figure 1 , ). 5Application of a strong, external magnetic field (B 0 ) aligns the nucleus either in parallel with or perpendicular to the external field. A liquid solution containing many nuclear spins, placed within the B 0 field, will contain nuclear spins in one of two energy states: a low-energy state (oriented parallel to the magnetic field) or a high-energy state (orientated perpendicular to the magnetic field direction). In solids or liquids, there would tend to be an excess of spins in the same direction as B 0 . Although a bar magnet would orientate completely parallel or antiparallel to the field, the nucleus has an...

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Diagnostic Imaging of Salivary Gland Pathology

Jacob

2015

Salivary Gland Pathology

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Monitoring of Gustatory Stimulation of Salivary Glands by Diffusion-Weighted MR Imaging: Comparison of 1.5T and 3T

Abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Our aim was to compare different field strengths monitoring physiologic changes due to oral stimulation of parotid glands by using diffusion-weighted (DW) echo-planar imaging (EPI).

Cited by 34 publications

References 17 publications

Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging for evaluation of salivary gland function in head and neck cancer patients treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy

Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging for evaluation of salivary gland function in head and neck cancer patients treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy

Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Principles and Techniques: Lessons for Clinicians

Diagnostic Imaging of Salivary Gland Pathology

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