Monitoring of hydrocarbon reservoirs using marine CSEM method

Black, Noel; Zhdanov, Michael S.

doi:10.1190/1.3255884

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Several authors have undertaken an assessment of the feasibility of CSEM monitoring, for example Lien & Mannseth (2008), Orange et al (2009) and Black & Zhdanov (2009). They all presented a modelling study of the CSEM monitoring problem for marine applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A feasibility study of land CSEM reservoir monitoring in a complex 3-D model

Wirianto¹,

Mulder²,

Slob³

2010

Geophysical Journal International

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S U M M A R YWe carried out a series of numerical simulations in a complex 3-D resistivity model to investigate the feasibility of using controlled-source electromagnetics on land for monitoring changes in a hydrocarbon reservoir during production. Displacement of oil by saline water injection changes the resistivity. The modelling allows a comparison of the measured timelapse EM signal to various sources of noise that can be expected in a field experiment, for instance, magnetotelluric signals, repeatability errors and near-surface resistivity changes caused by seasonal variations. Our estimates show that land CSEM monitoring should be feasible, though not easily, for the example considered here, a thick reservoir at a depth of about 1 km. The trade-off between signal strength and repeatability errors requires the source to be located at some distance from the reservoir. Measurements in a monitoring well suffer less from surface noise. Measuring the vertical electric component in a well, placed at some distance from the reservoir, provides the best result.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A feasibility study of land CSEM reservoir monitoring in a complex 3-D model

Wirianto¹,

Mulder²,

Slob³

2010

Geophysical Journal International

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“…Water flooding or steam injection for enhanced oil production creates resistivity changes in the reservoir, and if those changes are large enough, we can expect them to show up in the CSEM response of a timelapse survey. Several authors investigated the feasibility of CSEM monitoring and drew the optimistic conclusion that resistivity changes due to displacing oil by brine can produce a small but measurable change in the CSEM time-lapse response (see Lien and Mannseth, 2008;Orange et al, 2009;Black and Zhdanov, 2009;Wirianto et al, 2010, and many others). Some of them, incorporating other geophysical measurements next to EM inversion, were able to use these time-lapse responses to resolve the location of resistivity changes in the reservoir (see, e.g., recent abstracts for the annual SEG and EAGE meetings).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incorporating EM Inversion into Reservoir Monitoring

Wirianto¹,

Mulder²,

Slob³

2012

Proceedings

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SUMMARYIn the application of controlled source electromagnetics for reservoir monitoring on land, the timelapse signal measured with a surface-to-surface acquisition can reveal the lateral extent on the surface of resistivity changes at depth in a hydrocarbon reservoir under production. However, a direct interpretation of the time-lapse signal may generally be difficult and biased. We investigated if non-linear inversion can use time-lapse responses to characterize the subsurface resistivity changes. We examined two different strategies, using a full non-linear inversion algorithm as the interpretation tool: inverting the reference and monitor data independently or in sequence. In the second case, the inversion result of the reference data set serves as an initial guess for the inversion of the monitor data set. Numerical examples show that independent inversion of the data sets can provide an estimate of the depth and lateral extent of the resistivity changes. The second strategy of sequential inversion produces less satisfactory results. We illustrate the independent inversion approach for an example with large survey repeatability errors are large and another one with a complex overburden.

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“…Several authors have undertaken an assessment of the feasibility of CSEM monitoring, for example Lien and Mannseth (2008), Orange et al (2009), andBlack andZhdanov (2009). They all presented a modelling study of the CSEM monitoring problem for marine applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They all presented a modelling study of the CSEM monitoring problem for marine applications. Lien and Mannseth (2008) and Black and Zhdanov (2009) employed a 3D integral-equation method to model the time-lapse effect of the flooding front during water injection into an oil reservoir. Orange et al (2009) used an accurate 2D finite-element modelling code to study several scenarios for depleting a reservoir, including lateral and bottom flooding, stacked reservoirs, and partial depletion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlled-source electromagnetics for reservoir monitoring on land

Wirianto¹

2012

Geophysics

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Monitoring of hydrocarbon reservoirs using marine CSEM method

Cited by 19 publications

References 8 publications

A feasibility study of land CSEM reservoir monitoring in a complex 3-D model

A feasibility study of land CSEM reservoir monitoring in a complex 3-D model

Incorporating EM Inversion into Reservoir Monitoring

Controlled-source electromagnetics for reservoir monitoring on land

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