Monitoring of melanoma released volatile compounds by a gas sensors array: From in vitro to in vivo experiments

In situ detection of lung cancer volatile fingerprints using bronchoscopic air-sampling

“…A crucial point regarding most of these compounds is related to many confounding factors due to smoking habits [9]. For this reason many studies have been devoted to the identification of matching compounds in cancer cells [10,11] and in mouse models of different cancers [12,13].…”

Breath sensors for lung cancer diagnosis

“…Application of pattern recognition algorithm sorts a collection of multivariate data into classes, discriminating those pertaining to specific VOCs that are related to tumor diseases (Pennazza et al, 2011). For instance, exhaled volatiles′ comparison of the blood-sourced volatiles of 10 healthy controls and 10 stage I cancer patients revealed 23 compounds in the breath of lung cancer patients, with high levels of hexanal and heptanal (Deng et al, 2004).…”

Invasive melanomain vivocan be distinguished from basal cell carcinoma, benign naevi and healthy skin by canine olfaction: a proof-of-principle study of differential volatile organic compound emission

“…25 Further supporting evidence for a characteristic profile of VOCs for melanoma has also come from more recent GC-MS and electronic nose studies of biopsy material and cultured cell lines. [26][27][28][29] However, advancing the development of VOC-based diagnostic aids for melanoma calls for a greater understanding of the volatile metabolite signatures released directly from the surface of a variety of different skin lesions. To that end, we decided to make use of dogs' exquisite olfactory sensitivity, innate pattern recognition skills and proven cancer-detection ability, [16][17][18][19][20][21][22] to determine, with greater rigour than previous studies, whether the odour of melanoma differs from those of healthy skin and benign naevi, and to examine, for the first time, whether the odour of melanoma differs from that of another skin cancer, namely basal cell carcinoma (BCC).…”

“…applied a gas sensor array – otherwise known as an electronic nose – to compare the spectrum of VOCs emitted from the surface of in vivo melanomas with those of benign naevi in the same individuals, achieving accuracy rates for their identification of 70% and 90%, respectively, albeit with small sample sizes . Further supporting evidence for a characteristic profile of VOCs for melanoma has also come from more recent GC‐MS and electronic nose studies of biopsy material and cultured cell lines …”