Monitoring of Partial Discharges in HVDC Power Cables

Winkelmann, Erik; Shevchenko, Iaroslav; Steiner, Christoph; Kleiner, C. T.; Kaltenborn, Uwe; Birkholz, Peter; Schwarz, Harald; Steiner, Thomas

doi:10.1109/mei.2022.9648269

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Consequently, the sensitivity of HFCT sensors used for HVDC must be higher than that required for HVAC cable systems. PD monitoring of HVDC cable systems is currently challenging [5][6][7]. The conventional identification of the type of defect involved in AC cable systems through phaseresolved PD pattern recognition, PRPD, [8,9] is not applicable in HVDC cable systems.…”

Section: Power Transformermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even for commissioning and maintenance tests of HVDC cable systems, power frequency voltages are applied instead of direct voltage [10][11][12][13] because PD measurements are easier in HVAC than in HVDC. PD monitoring of HVDC cable systems is currently challenging [5][6][7]. The conventional identification of the type of defect involved in AC cable systems through phaseresolved PD pattern recognition, PRPD, Refs.…”

Section: Power Transformermentioning

confidence: 99%

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New Synthetic Partial Discharge Calibrator for Qualification of Partial Discharge Analyzers for Insulation Diagnosis of HVDC and HVAC Grids

Khamlichi

Garnacho

Simón

2023

Sensors

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A synthetic partial discharge (PD) calibrator has been developed to qualify PD analyzers used for insulation diagnosis of HVAC and HVDC grids including cable systems, AIS, GIS, GIL, power transformers, and HVDC converters. PD analyzers that use high-frequency current transformers (HFCT) can be qualified by means of the metrological and diagnosis tests arranged in this calibrator. This synthetic PD calibrator can reproduce PD pulse trains of the same sequence as actual representative defects (cavity, surface, floating potential, corona, SF6 protrusion, SF6 jumping particles, bubbles in oil, etc.) acquired in HV equipment in service or by means of measurements made in HV laboratory test cells. The diagnostic capabilities and PD measurement errors of the PD analyzers using HFCT sensors can be determined. A new time parameter, “PD Time”, associated with any arbitrary PD current pulse i(t) is introduced for calibration purposes. It is defined as the equivalent width of a rectangular PD pulse with the same charge value and amplitude as the actual PD current pulse. The synthetic PD calibrator consists of a pulse generator that operates on a current loop matched to 50 Ω impedance to avoid unwanted reflections. The injected current is measured by a reference measurement system built into the PD calibrator that uses two HFCT sensors to ensure that the current signal is the same at the input and output of the calibration cage where the HFCT of the PD analyzer is being calibrated. Signal reconstruction of the HFCT output signal to achieve the input signal is achieved by applying state variable theory using the transfer impedance of the HFCT sensor in the frequency domain.

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Section: Power Transformermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Power Transformermentioning

confidence: 99%

New Synthetic Partial Discharge Calibrator for Qualification of Partial Discharge Analyzers for Insulation Diagnosis of HVDC and HVAC Grids

Khamlichi

Garnacho

Simón

2023

Sensors

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“…The emergence of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission technology is driving power cables toward higher voltage levels and energy transmission efficiency. Typically, an XLPE power cable has a service life of around 30 years when operating in normal environments [2][3][4]. As operating time increases, a lot of cables are approaching their design life.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defect Identification of XLPE Power Cable Using Harmonic Visualized Characteristics of Grounding Current

Wang,

Liu,

Huang

et al. 2024

Electronics

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This paper proposes an online monitoring and defect identification method for XLPE power cables using harmonic visualization of grounding currents. Four typical defects, including thermal aging, water ingress and dampness, insulation scratch, and excessive bending, were experimentally conducted. The AC grounding currents of the cable specimens with different defects were measured during operation. By using the chaotic synchronization system, the harmonic distortion was transformed into a 2D scatter diagram with distinctive characteristics. The relationship between the defect type and the diagram features was obtained. A YOLOv5 (you only look once v5) target recognition model was then established based on the dynamic harmonics scatter diagrams for cable defect classification and identification. The results indicated that the overall shape, distribution range, density degree, and typical lines formed by scatter aggregation can reflect the defect type effectively. The proposed method greatly reduces the difficulty of data analysis and enables rapid defect identification of XLPE power cables, which is useful for improving the reliability of the power system.

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“…In addition, the existence of pulsating noise generated in the power electronic converters of the substations makes the measurement especially difficult. Monitoring applications, particularly those operating in HVDC, require efficient HFCT sensors, digital recorders and PD signal processing tools (hereinafter referred to as PD analysers) for the adequate detection of PDs that may travel distances of several kilometres until they arrive to the measuring point, where the cable sheaths are accessible [ 13 ]. In this sense, to assure adequate PD measurements and analysis, the qualification of the PD analysers is necessary.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metrological Qualification of PD Analysers for Insulation Diagnosis of HVDC and HVAC Grids

Garnacho

Álvarez

Elg

et al. 2023

Sensors

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On-site partial discharge (PD) measurements have turned out to be a very efficient technique for determining the insulation condition in high-voltage electrical grids (AIS, cable systems, GIS, HVDC converters, etc.); however, there is not any standardised procedure for determining the performances of PD measuring systems. In on-line and on-site PD measurements, high-frequency current transformers (HFCTs) are commonly used as sensors as they allow for monitoring over long distances in high-voltage installations. To ensure the required performances, a metrological qualification of the PD analysers by applying an evaluation procedure is necessary. A novel evaluation procedure was established to specify the quantities to be measured (electrical charge and PD repetition rate) and to describe the evaluation tests considering the measured influence parameters: noise, charge amplitude, pulse width and time interval between consecutive pulses. This procedure was applied to different types of PD analysers used for off-line measurements, sporadic on-line measurements and continuous PD monitoring. The procedure was validated in a round-robin test involving two metrological institutes (RISE from Sweden and FFII from Spain) and three universities (TUDelft from the Netherlands, TAU from Finland and UPM from Spain). With this round-robin test, the effectiveness of the proposed qualification procedure for discriminating between efficient and inappropriate PD analysers was demonstrated. Furthermore, it was shown that the PD charge quantity can be properly determined for on-line measurements and continuous monitoring by integrating the pulse signals acquired with HFCT sensors. In this case, these sensors must have a flat frequency spectrum in the range between several tens of kHz and at least two tens of MHz, where the frequency pulse content is more significant. The proposed qualification procedure can be useful for improving the future versions of the technical specification TS IEC 62478 and the standard IEC 60270.

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Monitoring of Partial Discharges in HVDC Power Cables

Cited by 14 publications

References 10 publications

New Synthetic Partial Discharge Calibrator for Qualification of Partial Discharge Analyzers for Insulation Diagnosis of HVDC and HVAC Grids

New Synthetic Partial Discharge Calibrator for Qualification of Partial Discharge Analyzers for Insulation Diagnosis of HVDC and HVAC Grids

Defect Identification of XLPE Power Cable Using Harmonic Visualized Characteristics of Grounding Current

Metrological Qualification of PD Analysers for Insulation Diagnosis of HVDC and HVAC Grids

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