Monitoring of pesticide residues in rice paddy soil and paddy water

Abstract

In order to monitor the pesticide residues in rice paddy soils and paddy waters in Korea and evaluate leachabilities to groundwater of the pesticides detected, paddy soils and paddy waters were collected twice from 40 sites of rice growing paddy fields in July and August in 2011, respectively. Pesticide residues in the samples were analyzed by multi-residue method with GC and HPLC. Five pesticides, such as butachlor, cypermethrin, iprobenfos, oxadiazon, and pendimethalin were detected from thirteen paddy soils and detection rate was about 16.3%, while no pesticide was detected in paddy water. As a results of the estimation of leachabilities for the pesticides detected using GUS (groundwater ubiquity score), their GUSs were less than 1.3, representing they have no potentials to leach into groundwater.

Analysis of Multiresidue Pesticides in Agricultural Paddy Soils Near Industrial Areas in Korea by GC–MS/MS and LC–MS/MS Using QuEChERS Extraction with dSPE Clean-Up

“…The detection frequency was at 15 points in 40 soil samples, reaching 38% (Table 7). This pesticide was detected in the range of 0.028-0.359 mg kg −1 in 8 samples out of 80 paddy soils, and the detection rate was 10% [14]. However, Noh et al [14] did not report residual oxadiazon in soil samples from Gyengsang Province, located in Pohang and Ulsan.…”

“…This pesticide was detected in the range of 0.028-0.359 mg kg −1 in 8 samples out of 80 paddy soils, and the detection rate was 10% [14]. However, Noh et al [14] did not report residual oxadiazon in soil samples from Gyengsang Province, located in Pohang and Ulsan. Our results were different from the results of Noh et al [14].…”

“…However, Noh et al [14] did not report residual oxadiazon in soil samples from Gyengsang Province, located in Pohang and Ulsan. Our results were different from the results of Noh et al [14]. Park et al [33] found that oxadiazon was detected in the range of 0.001-0.836 mg kg −1 after residual pesticide analysis using 150 points in Korean paddy soil.…”

“…Therefore, it is inevitable to receive attention from the public regarding how high amounts of pesticides remain in cultivated crops, as well as agricultural soils and waterways, and monitoring of residual pesticides in agricultural products and environments contributes to the efficient safety management of pesticides [14,15]. However, in addition to this efficient management, it is necessary to maintain the agricultural environment safely when crops are not grown, because many pesticides remain in agricultural water and soil after cultivation, and the dynamics of these environments are not understood in some cases.…”

Pesticide residues in EU soils and related risks

“…This compound was found in N-P conventional soils at rather low levels, corroborating its expected background concentrations (EFSA, 2016) and in S-V conventional soils at higher levels, in line with those expected from a recent application before sampling. Among the eight common compounds listed above, pendimethalin has been examined in more soil studies, on different crops and in different countries (Chiaia-Hernandez et al, 2017;El-Saeid et al, 2013;Goncalves and Alpendurada, 2005;Hvězdová et al, 2018;Karasali et al, 2016;Karasali et al, 2017;Kosubová et al, 2020;Marković et al, 2009;Noh et al, 2012;Park et al, 2013;Park and Lee, 2011). Pendimethalin was found in soils in 9 out of the 11 studies above, at frequencies up to 48% (Chiaia-Hernandez et al, 2017), mean concentrations of up to 0.37 mg/kg, and maximum concentrations of up to 6.9 mg/kg (Goncalves and Alpendurada, 2005).…”