Monitoring of Plant Cells and Tissues in Bioprocesses

et al. 2023

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The cultivation of algae either in open raceway ponds or in closed bioreactors could allow the renewable production of biomass for food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, or chemical industries. Optimal cultivation conditions are however required to ensure that the production of these compounds is both efficient and economical. Therefore, high-frequency analytical measurements are required to allow timely process control and to detect possible disturbances during algae growth. Such analytical methods are only available to a limited extent. Therefore, we introduced a method for monitoring algae release volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the headspace above a bioreactor in real time. This method is based on ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) in combination with a membrane inlet (MI). The unique feature of IMS is that complete spectra are detected in real time instead of sum signals. These spectral patterns produced in the ion mobility spectrum were evaluated automatically via principal component analysis (PCA).The detected peak patterns are characteristic for the respective algae culture; allow the assignment of the individual growth phases and reflect the influence of experimental parameters. These results allow for the first time a continuous monitoring of the algae cultivation and thus an early detection of possible disturbances in the biotechnological process.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Membrane inlet—ion mobility spectrometry with automatic spectra evaluation as online monitoring tool for the process control of microalgae cultivation

Cämmerer

Mayer

et al. 2023

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“…The focus of scientific research and development is on studying the synthesis and regulation of biomass growth and the production of secondary metabolites as a means of developing efficient biotechnological production processes [ 8 , 11 , 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because of the morphological characteristics of hairy roots, representative sampling is not possible. As the direct determination of biomass requires the destruction of all the plant material, current investigations have to be parallelized and carried out with a high number of experimental approaches [ 11 , 20 , 21 ]. Experiments for screening and optimization are consequently very time‐consuming and cost‐intensive [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring the apical growth characteristics of hairy roots using non‐invasive laser speckle contrast imaging

Bley

Walter

et al. 2021

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Hairy roots are used to produce plant agents and additives. Due to their heterogeneous structure and growth characteristics, it is difficult to determine growthrelated parameters continuously and in real time. Laser speckle contrast analysis is widely used as a non-destructive measurement technique in material testing or in medical technology. This type of analysis is based on the principle that moving objects or particles cause fluctuations in stochastic interference patterns known as speckle patterns. They are formed by the random backscattering of coherent laser light on an optically rough surface. A Laser Speckle Imager, which is well established for speckle studies of hemodynamics, was used for the first time for non-invasive speckle measurements on hairy roots to study dynamic behavior in plant tissue. Based on speckle contrast, a specific flux value was defined to map the dynamic changes in the investigated tissue. Using this method, we were able to predict the formation of lateral strands and to identify the growth zone in the apical root region, as well as dividing it into functional regions. This makes it possible to monitor physiological processes in the apical growth zone in vivo and in real time without labeling the target structures.

Biospeckle‐characterization of hairy root cultures using laser speckle photometry

Steingroewer

Bley

et al. 2020

Monitoring is indispensable for the optimization and simulation of biotechnological processes. Hairy roots (hr, plant tissue cultures) are producers of valuable relevant secondary metabolites. The genetically stable cultures are characterized by a rapid filamentous growth, making monitoring difficult with standard methods. This article focuses on the application of laser speckle photometry (LSP) as an innovative, non‐invasive method to characterize Beta vulgaris (hr). LSP is based on the analysis of time‐resolved interference patterns. Speckle interference patterns of a biological object, known as biospeckles, are characterized by a dynamic behavior that is induced by physical and biological phenomena related to the object. Speckle contrast, a means of measuring the dynamic behavior of biospeckles, was used to assess the biospeckle activity. The biospeckle activity corresponds to processes modifying the object and correlates with the biomass growth. Furthermore, the stage of the cultures’ physiological development was assessed by speckle contrast due to the differentiation between active and low active behavior. This method is a new means of monitoring and evaluating the biomass growth of filamentous cultures in real time. As a potential tool to characterize hairy roots, LSP is non‐invasive, time‐saving, can be used online and stands out for its simple, low‐cost setup.