Monitoring of resistance to spirodiclofen and five other acaricides in Panonychus citri collected from Chinese citrus orchards

Abstract

Great variations in resistance to the tested acaricides were observed among the sampled populations. The Pinghe population developed resistance to all the acaricides tested. The Jianning population was susceptible to most acaricides tested, except pyridaben. Resistance management strategies were conducted on the basis of these observations.

Purification and partial characterization of glutathione S-transferases from three field populations of Panonychus citri (Acari: Tetranychidae)

“…However, several field populations of P. citri have already developed high levels of pyridaben resistance in spite of its short term use (Hu et al 2010). Synergistic experiments suggest that GSTs have a major role in pyridaben resistance in P. citri (Meng et al 2000;Liu et al 2010).…”

“…Since the first acaricide resistance was reported in China in 1979, over the following decades citrus red mites have developed resistance to dicofol, pyrethroids, organotin miticide, hexythiazox, spirotetramat, amitraz, propargite, diafenthiuron, abamectin, mitochondrial electron transport inhibitor (METI) acaricides and spirodiclofen (Huang 1979;Ran et al 2009;Hu et al 2010), but the studies to identify the biochemical mechanisms were carried out just in a few cases Ran et al 2009;Niu et al 2011). Despite reliance on acaricides for control of P. citri, detoxification in these species is poorly understood.…”

Isparta ili merkez ilçesinde domates seralarından toplanan Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) popülasyonlarının bazı akarisitlere karşı direnç düzeyleri ve detoksifikasyon enzimleri

“…Demaeght et al (2013) 680 kat spirodiclofen dirençli T. urticae popülasyonunun aynı grupta yer alan spiromesifen ve spirotetramat akarisitlerine karşı da çapraz direnç geliştirebileceğini bildirmişlerdir. Hu et al (2010) 90.8 kat spirodiclofen dirençli Panonychus ulmi (Acari:Tetranychidae) popülasyonunda spirotetramat'a karşı çapraz direnç belirlemişlerdir. Spirodiclofen ve spiromesifen etken maddeleri tetronik asit türevi grubu altında yer alan ve etki mekanizmaları benzer akarisitlerdir.…”

Cyclic ketoenols: Acaricides and insecticides with a novel mode of action

“…The authors found the profile of biological activity and symptomology of poisoning of this compound similar to those previously described for spirodiclofen and spiromesifen. On the other hand, in two recent studies dealing with spirodiclofen resistance, the data on toxicity of spirotetramat to larvae of susceptible and resistant strains of Panonychus citri (Hu et al, 2010) and P. ulmi (Kramer and Nauen, 2011) were presented.…”

“…Hu et al (2010) investigated spirodiclofen susceptibility in P. citri populations collected from citrus orchards at six locations in China and found high resistance ratios (RR) in two populations (RR=50 and 90.8). These two populations also showed various levels of resistance to other acaricides used in P. citri control, as well as moderate cross-resistance to spirotetramat (RR=16.9 and 22.4), which was not present on Chinese market at the time.…”