Monitoring of self-healing composites: a nonlinear ultrasound approach

Fierro, Gian-Piero Malfense; Pinto, Fulvio; Iacono, Stefania Dello; Martone, Alfonso; Amendola, Eugenio; Meo, Michele

doi:10.1088/1361-665x/aa89a8

Cited by 18 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…A composite plate has been manufactured by liquid molding process under vacuum bag; 12 unidirectional layers were laminated to reach a nominal thickness of 3 mm. The presence of a Kapton layer in a bending test (in the case of ENF tests) leads to the mutual sliding of separated parts promoting a mode II failure (shear mode) [38], according to ASTM D7905.…”

Section: Crack Healing In Long Fiber Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diels-Alder Chemistry to Develop Self-Healing Epoxy Resins and Composites Thereof

Iacono¹,

Martone²,

Amendola³

2019

Paint and Coatings Industry

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Self-healing polymers are a class of smart materials able to recover after sustaining damage. A family of thermosetting epoxy resins, containing Diels-Alder (DA) adducts in the epoxy precursor backbone, has been prepared and characterized. The DA adducts can be reversibly cleaved and reformed under the appropriate thermal conditions, and this feature has been exploited to produce intrinsically self-repairing materials. This chapter focuses on the effects of different structural features, such as average number of crosslinking functionality and molecular mobility of epoxy precursors, on the efficiency of healing process. High cross-linking density and molecular stiffness improve mechanical performances, such as elastic modulus and glass transition temperature, and allow fabrication of self-healing fiber-reinforced composites by conventional manufacturing technologies. Within this chapter, the molecular design, the preparation, and the evaluation of properties of self-healing epoxy and its composites have been discussed.

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Section: Crack Healing In Long Fiber Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diels-Alder Chemistry to Develop Self-Healing Epoxy Resins and Composites Thereof

Iacono¹,

Martone²,

Amendola³

2019

Paint and Coatings Industry

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“…The conventional method used for triggering this process is via direct heating, as noted earlier; however, practical application of these materials requires using a more versatile technique for triggering their shape memory behavior. The previous works on the use of high-intensity focused ultrasound as a shape memory trigger have focused on unreinforced polymer matrices [53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60]. However, in structural applications, polymers are rarely used in pure form.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical study of the heating effects of high intensity focused ultrasound on shape memory polymer fiber reinforced self-healing polymer composite

Nwokonkwo

Mensah

Ibekwe

et al. 2021

Smart Mater. Struct.

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In polymer composites, constrained shape recovery, either by shape memory polymer (SMP) matrix or embedded SMP fibers, is utilized to close wide-opened cracks, followed by molecular scale healing either extrinsically or intrinsically, the so-called close-then-heal strategy. The most popular means to trigger shape recovery and healing is by heating. In this study, the potential for using high intensity focused ultrasound as a trigger for shape memory effect and self-healing of an SMP fiber-reinforced thermosetting polymer composite was explored. The objectives of the study were achieved via a finite element simulation in COMSOL Multiphysics. Simulation results showed that for an 8 mm thick, 18 mm long model composite with 5.8% SMP fiber volume fraction, a temperature rise of up to 5.6 K was obtained in the embedded SMP fiber after 2 s with only 1 s of the insonation. It was found that heat generation occurred at the fiber–matrix interfaces; however, subsequent temperature rise within the embedded fibers was achieved via conventional thermal conduction from the high-temperature interfacial regions into the fibers. The effect of specimen length, thickness, and fiber volume fraction on temperature rising was also evaluated. This study provides a better understanding of using ultrasound to trigger self-healing of SMP fiber-reinforced polymer composites.

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“…The interphase plays a key role in determining the mechanical interfacial properties, supporting the transfer of stress between the matrix and the reinforcement and attenuating the mismatch of the mechanical properties between the matrix and the reinforcing fibers. Marked differences in mechanical properties lead to stress concentrations, with the consequent micro‐cracks formation and propagation up to failure . Preventing or repairing interphase damage could be a new strategy for the design of high‐performance composites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

BMI‐Based Coupling Agent to Improve Adhesion in Self‐Healing Composites

Iacono

Amendola

Martone

2020

Macromolecular Symposia

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Recently, the availability of thermo-reversible epoxies is interesting for research and industry due to its implication in the implementation of the next generation of advanced materials. However, fiber-reinforced composites made with self-healing epoxies have lower performances than commercial products. Therefore, the availability of a suitable treatment to improve the adhesion between fiber and matrix will compensate the lack of performances experienced in thermo-reversible composites. Here, a route for decorating dry commercial preform with bismaleimide (BMI) is presented in order to promote the adhesion between matrix and reinforcement. The grafting of BMI on the glass support is measured by means of contact angle. The interfacial strength between fiber and resin is measured by micro-droplet pull-out test. The BMI-based coupling agent leads to a 92% increase in interfacial strength for a self-healing system.

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Monitoring of self-healing composites: a nonlinear ultrasound approach

Cited by 18 publications

References 43 publications

Diels-Alder Chemistry to Develop Self-Healing Epoxy Resins and Composites Thereof

Diels-Alder Chemistry to Develop Self-Healing Epoxy Resins and Composites Thereof

Numerical study of the heating effects of high intensity focused ultrasound on shape memory polymer fiber reinforced self-healing polymer composite

BMI‐Based Coupling Agent to Improve Adhesion in Self‐Healing Composites

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