Monitoring on-road air quality and measuring vehicle emissions with remote sensing in an urban area

Smit, Robin; Kingston, Phil; Neale, Donald; Brown, Matthew K.; Verran, B.; Nolan, Tracy

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.116978

Cited by 38 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…This paper presents the results of selected and specific analyses. The reader is referred to the following papers: (1) detecting cold start vehicles using thermal imaging and Bluetooth units [7] and (2) on-road air quality and remote sensing [8].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring On-Road Vehicle Emissions with Multiple Instruments Including Remote Sensing

Smit

Kingston

2019

Atmosphere

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The objective of this paper is to use remote sensing to measure on-road emissions and to examine the impact and usefulness of additional measurement devices at three sites. Supplementing remote sensing device (RSD) equipment with additional equipment increased the capture rate by almost 10%. Post-processing of raw data is essential to obtain useful and accurate information. A method is presented to identify vehicles with excessive emission levels (high emitters). First, an anomaly detection method is applied, followed by identification of cold start operating conditions using infrared vehicle profiles. Using this method, 0.6% of the vehicles in the full (enhanced) RSD data were identified as high emitters, of which 35% are likely in cold start mode where emissions typically stabilize to low hot running emission levels within a few minutes. Analysis of NOx RSD data confirms that poor real-world NOx performance of Euro 4/5 light-duty diesel vehicles observed around the world is also evident in Australian measurements. This research suggests that the continued dieselisation in Australia, in particular under the current Euro 5 emission standards and the more stringent NO2 air quality criteria expected in 2020 and 2025, could potentially result in local air quality issues near busy roads.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring On-Road Vehicle Emissions with Multiple Instruments Including Remote Sensing

Smit

Kingston

2019

Atmosphere

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“…Vehicles are a major source of producing air pollution and having the highest ambient pollutant contribution in urban areas [4] .The burning of fossil fuels such as gasoline, petrol and diesel contribute towards acid rain, smog and air pollutants like Carbon monoxide (CO), Hydro Carbons (HC), Nitrogen Oxide (NO 2 ) having an adverse impact on our environment, human health and agriculture [5] . On the other hand, CO 2 (Carbon dioxide) is a Green House Gas (GHG) which is the major source that is contributing towards global warming and rising in temperature [6] .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Vehicular Emission in Pakistan and its Impact on Human Health and Environment of paper

2020

JECET

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Contribution of vehicles towards air pollution has estimated between 60-70% (approx.) due to which Pakistan is facing environmental changes like melting of glaciers in northern areas, earthquakes, flooding and lack of fresh water availability. Effect of vehicular emissions on human population due to carbon, sulfur and nitrogen compounds is known to be adverse; secondary emissions include Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and other Green House Gases (GHGs) which contribute to global warming. The purpose of this study is to analyse the effects of vehicle emissions, through the IMR 2800P gas analyzer, on the environment and the health of the people of Pakistan. The authors investigated that the pollutants emitted by the vehicles (i.e. Carbon monoxide, Hydrocarbons, Nitrogen oxide) causes different health issues like headache, asthma, fatigue, eye irritation, etc. The study shows that the old vehicles were contributing more towards the vehicle emissions and the majority of them did not pass the Japanese emission test. The study recommended reducing the effect of pollutants through different procedures, including plantation of trees, proper maintenance of the vehicle free of cost and prohibition of old vehicles.

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“…An on-road measurement campaign has been conducted at three locations in Brisbane, Australia [9,18,19]: a freeway on ramp (FWY, road gradient 2.9 • ), a heavily trafficked urban road (URB, road gradient 2.8 • ), and a commercial road in an industrial area (COM, road gradient 0.4 • ). The COM site (Figure 1) is selected for its different land use, fleet mix and driving conditions, but also because it is close to a dynamometer test facility.…”

Section: Site Selection For the Remote Sensing Devicementioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent study compared remote sensing with on-road air quality monitoring and found a weak (NO, nitrogen oxide) to significant (CO, carbon monoxide) weighted positive correlation in calm atmospheric conditions, and no significant correlation in other conditions [9]. Local dispersion and atmospheric chemistry processes, as well as urban background concentration levels, weakened the correlation between the RSD and air quality monitoring equipment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring on-Road Vehicle Hot Running NOx Emissions with a Combined Remote Sensing–Dynamometer Study

Smit

Kennedy

2020

Atmosphere

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This study explores the correlation in measured hot running NO/CO2 ratios by a remote sensing device (RSD) and dynamometer testing. Two large diesel cars (E4/E5) are tested on the dynamometer in hot running conditions using a new drive cycle developed for this study and then driven multiple times past the RSD. A number of verification and correction steps are conducted for both the dynamometer and RSD data. A new time resolution adjustment of RSD acceleration values proves important. Comparison of RSD and dynamometer data consistently shows a strong weighted correlation varying from +0.89 to +0.95, despite the high level of variability observed in the RSD measurements. This provides further evidence that relative changes in mean NO/CO2 ratios as measured with the RSD should provide robust emissions data for trend analysis studies and as inputs for regional emissions models. However, a positive bias of approximately 25 ppm NO/% CO2 is observed for the RSD, and bias correction of RSD measurements should be considered pending further testing.

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Monitoring on-road air quality and measuring vehicle emissions with remote sensing in an urban area

Cited by 38 publications

References 28 publications

Measuring On-Road Vehicle Emissions with Multiple Instruments Including Remote Sensing

Measuring On-Road Vehicle Emissions with Multiple Instruments Including Remote Sensing

Analysis of Vehicular Emission in Pakistan and its Impact on Human Health and Environment of paper

Measuring on-Road Vehicle Hot Running NOx Emissions with a Combined Remote Sensing–Dynamometer Study

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