Monitoring pharmaceuticals and personal care products in water and fish from the Gulf of Urabá, Colombia

Abstract

Gulf of Urab a is considered a tourist zone of Antioquia Department attracts a large number of visitors to explore the aquatic ecosystem and beaches thus offering a large economic benefit. However, this region has been affected by various anthropogenic effects thus generating an environmental problematic that affect aquatic ecosystem. Over the years, several research has been evaluated pollutant such as pesticides, metals and physicochemical parameters, even our laboratory had found several toxic metals in fish from this same area.The presence of emerging pollutant in matrices such as seawater and fish from Gulf of Urab a have not been reported, and to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study. This work presents important aspects relating to sampling, monitoring and surveillance of seawater and several fish species caught in the area in order to determinate the content of emerging pollutant (triclosan, ibuprofen, diclofenac) using UPLC-QqQ/MS. In general, all three pharmaceuticals in different sampling sites were detected and total concentrations ranged from 0.10 to 1.54 μg/L in surface water. However, emerging pollutants content in fish muscle was not detected. In addition, a high variability in triclosan, ibuprofen and diclofenac concentrations according to the season of sampling was found. Regarding to seasonal variations, most emerging pollutant in the surface water had variation in levels both dry and wet season. Better removal was presented in the dry season, due to stronger irradiation and greater activity of microorganisms.

Mechanistic Model and Optimization of the Diclofenac Degradation Kinetic for Ozonation Processes Intensification

“…Its sensitivity coefficient presented a value over 0.9, as depicted in Figure 2. Thus, the mechanism was reduced to a single homogeneous reaction given by (1). The resulting mathematical model was only dependent on the ozone and diclofenac concentrations.…”

“…According to the sensitivity coefficients from Figure 4, the reaction mechanism for the catalytic ozonation process was simplified by just considering (1,5,8,(9)(10)(11) to affect the mathematical model. The low concentration at the ozone dose (2.66 ppm) caused the decomposition at the catalyst surface ( 14) to compete with the direct diclofenac destruction by ozone (1), Figure 5a.…”

“…The optimal values for the photocatalysis and photolysis rate constants were summarized in Table 5. According to Figure 8, the simplified mechanism only included reactions (1,(8)(9)(14)(15)21,(26)(27). The participation of (25) acted as a route for radical hydroxyl consumption with a higher probability than (16).…”

“…In the last two decades, an extensive list of pharmaceuticals and personal care products has ranked as contaminants of emerging concern (CECs). They have been frequently found in aqueous systems disrupting the normal development of the local biota [1][2][3]. The main concerns among these substances are their recalcitrant and cumulative behavior over the ecosystems.…”

Evaluation of mitochondrial membrane potential and DNA integrity in Catfish Pseudoplatystoma magdaleniatum, when exposed for prolonged times to different concentrations of ibuprofen.

“…The main source of contamination in the Magdalena and Cauca basins is wastewater from the main cities Bogotá, Medellín, Cali, and Barranquilla (Galvis and Mojica 2007;Tejeda-Benitez et al 2016). In these cities, some research has been carried out on the content of PPCPs in the waters, nding that the greatest contribution of pharmaceutical products is non-steroidal anti-in ammatory drugs, anticonvulsants, and antibiotics (Gracia-Lor et al 2012;Hernández et al 2015;Aristizabal-Ciro et al 2017;Bedoya-Ríos et al 2018;Arias 2019;Pemberthy et al 2020).…”