Monitoring Quiescent Volcanoes by Diffuse CO2 Degassing: Case Study of Mt. Fuji, Japan

Notsu, Kenji; Mori, Toshiya; Vale, Sandie Chanchah Do; Kagi, Hiroyuki; Ito, Tasuku

doi:10.1007/3-7643-7584-1_13

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…During the last years, studies on diffuse CO 2 efflux have revealed that high CO 2 efflux is typically observed on volcanoes when active plume degassing is low, whereas it is not unusual to observe a week diffuse CO 2 emission from volcanoes exhibiting intense plume activity from a central crater [ Notsu et al ., ]. According to the five‐stage evolutionary model for the release of volcanic gas proposed by Notsu et al .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among volcanic gas studies at volcanoes, diffuse degassing phenomena, especially CO 2 , have played an important role due to its special characteristics: CO 2 is the major gas species after water vapor in both volcanic fluids and magmas, and it is an effective tracer of subsurface magma degassing [ Gerlach and Graeber , ]. Most of the diffuse CO 2 degassing studies carried out at volcanoes have consisted of mapping the volcanic structures to have a better understanding of the processes occurring at depth and to monitor the spatial distribution, magnitude, and temporal evolution of surface anomalies [ Arpa et al ., ; Chiodini et al ., , , ; Frondini et al ., ; Gerlach et al ., ; Hernández et al ., , , , , ; Melián et al ., ; Notsu et al ., , ; Padrón et al ., , , , ; Pérez et al ., , ; Salazar et al ., , ]. Diffuse soil degassing of deep derived CO 2 commonly occurs in delimited areas (Diffuse Degassing Structures, DDS) [ Chiodini et al ., ] rather than across the entire volcanic system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Spatial and temporal variations of diffuse CO₂ degassing at El Hierro volcanic system: Relation to the 2011–2012 submarine eruption

et al. 2014

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We report herein the results of extensive diffuse CO 2 emission surveys performed on El Hierro Island in the period 1998-2012. More than 17,000 measurements of the diffuse CO 2 efflux were carried out, most of them during the volcanic unrest period that started in July 2011. Two significant precursory signals based on geochemical and geodetical studies suggest that a magma intrusion processes might have started before 2011 in El Hierro Island. During the preeruptive and eruptive periods, the time series of the diffuse CO 2 emission released by the whole island experienced two significant increases. The first started almost 2 weeks before the onset of the submarine eruption, reflecting a clear geochemical anomaly in CO 2 emission, most likely due to increasing release of deep-seated magmatic gases to the surface. The second one, between 24 October and 27 November 2011, started before the most energetic seismic events of the volcanic-seismic unrest. The data presented here demonstrate that combined continuous monitoring studies and discrete surveys of diffuse CO 2 emission provide important information to optimize the early warning system in volcano monitoring programs and to monitor the evolution of an ongoing volcanic eruption, even though it is a submarine eruption.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Spatial and temporal variations of diffuse CO₂ degassing at El Hierro volcanic system: Relation to the 2011–2012 submarine eruption

et al. 2014

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“…Merapi, Indonesia [ Toutain et al , 2009]; Mt. Fuji, Japan [ Notsu et al , 2006]; Mt. Etna, Italy [ Badalamenti et al , 2004]; the Phlegrean Fields, Italy [ Granieri et al , 2003]; Stromboli volcano, Italy [ Carapezza and Federico , 2000]; Taal volcano, Philippines [ Zlotnicki et al , 2009]; Ruapehu volcano, New Zealand [ Werner et al , 2006]; Nisyros, Greece [ Brombach et al , 2001]; Mammoth Mountain, USA [ Rogie et al , 2001]; and San Vicente volcano, El Salvador [ Salazar et al , 2002].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated geophysical and hydrothermal models of flank degassing and fluid flow at Masaya volcano, Nicaragua

Pearson

Kiyosugi

Lehto

et al. 2012

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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[1] We investigate geologic controls on circulation in the shallow hydrothermal system of Masaya volcano, Nicaragua, and their relationship to surface diffuse degassing. On a local scale ($250 m), relatively impermeable normal faults dipping at $60 control the flowpath of water vapor and other gases in the vadose zone. These shallow normal faults are identified by modeling of a NE-SW trending magnetic anomaly of up to 2300 nT that corresponds to a topographic offset. Elevated SP and CO 2 to the NW of the faults and an absence of CO 2 to the SE suggest that these faults are barriers to flow. TOUGH2 numerical models of fluid circulation show enhanced flow through the footwalls of the faults, and corresponding increased mass flow and temperature at the surface (diffuse degassing zones). On a larger scale, TOUGH2 modeling suggests that groundwater convection may be occurring in a 3-4 km radial fracture zone transecting the entire flank of the volcano. Hot water rising uniformly into the base of the model at 1 Â 10 À5 kg/m 2 s results in convection that focuses heat and fluid and can explain the three distinct diffuse degassing zones distributed along the fracture. Our data and models suggest that the unusually active surface degassing zones at Masaya volcano can result purely from uniform heat and fluid flux at depth that is complicated by groundwater convection and permeability variations in the upper few km. Therefore isolating the effects of subsurface geology is vital when trying to interpret diffuse degassing in light of volcanic activity.

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“…Since fumarolic activity is absent at the surface environment of El Hierro, the study of the evolution of diffuse CO 2 emissions becomes an ideal geochemical tool for monitoring its volcanic activity (CHIODINI et al, 1998;HERNÁ NDEZ et al, 2001a, b, c, 2003SHIMOIKE et al, 2002;FRONDINI et al, 2004;NOTSU et al, 2005NOTSU et al, , 2006GRANIERI et al, 2006). CO 2 is, after water vapor, the major gas species in basaltic magmas (BARNES et al, 1988), and it is a good geochemical tracer of subsurface magma degassing, since its low solubility in silicate melts at low and moderate pressure (GERLACH and GRAEBER, 1985).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the Diffuse CO2 Emission and Relation to Seismic Activity in and around El Hierro, Canary Islands

Padrón

Melián

Marrero

et al. 2008

Pure appl. geophys.

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Significant changes in the diffuse emission of carbon dioxide were recorded in a geochemical station located at El Hierro, Canary Islands, before the occurrence of several seismic events during 2004. Two precursory CO 2 efflux increases started thirteen and nine days before two seismic events of magnitude 2.3 and 1.7, which took place near El Hierro Island, Canary Islands, on March 23 and April 15, reaching a maximun value of 51.1 and 46.2 g m -2 d -1 , respectively, five and eight days before the two seismic events. Other similar increases started thirteen and five days before the occurrence of two seismic events of magnitude 1.3 and 1.5 which took place on October 15 and 21 respectively, reaching the maximum values four and one day before the earthquakes. These changes were not related to variations in atmospheric or soil parameters. The Material Failure Forecast Method (FFM), which analyzes the rate of precursory phenomena, was successfully applied to forecast the first seismic event that took place in El Hierro Island in 2004.

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Monitoring Quiescent Volcanoes by Diffuse CO2 Degassing: Case Study of Mt. Fuji, Japan

Cited by 5 publications

References 16 publications

Spatial and temporal variations of diffuse CO₂ degassing at El Hierro volcanic system: Relation to the 2011–2012 submarine eruption

Spatial and temporal variations of diffuse CO₂ degassing at El Hierro volcanic system: Relation to the 2011–2012 submarine eruption

Integrated geophysical and hydrothermal models of flank degassing and fluid flow at Masaya volcano, Nicaragua

Changes in the Diffuse CO2 Emission and Relation to Seismic Activity in and around El Hierro, Canary Islands

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Monitoring Quiescent Volcanoes by Diffuse CO2 Degassing: Case Study of Mt. Fuji, Japan

Cited by 5 publications

References 16 publications

Spatial and temporal variations of diffuse CO2 degassing at El Hierro volcanic system: Relation to the 2011–2012 submarine eruption

Spatial and temporal variations of diffuse CO2 degassing at El Hierro volcanic system: Relation to the 2011–2012 submarine eruption

Integrated geophysical and hydrothermal models of flank degassing and fluid flow at Masaya volcano, Nicaragua

Changes in the Diffuse CO2 Emission and Relation to Seismic Activity in and around El Hierro, Canary Islands

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Spatial and temporal variations of diffuse CO₂ degassing at El Hierro volcanic system: Relation to the 2011–2012 submarine eruption

Spatial and temporal variations of diffuse CO₂ degassing at El Hierro volcanic system: Relation to the 2011–2012 submarine eruption