Monitoring salt and iodine intakes in Dutch adults between 2006 and 2010 using 24 h urinary sodium and iodine excretions

Abstract

Objective: To monitor the effectiveness of salt-reduction initiatives in processed foods and changes in Dutch iodine policy on Na and iodine intakes in Dutch adults between 2006 and 2010. Design: Two cross-sectional studies among adults, conducted in 2006 and 2010, using identical protocols. Participants collected single 24 h urine samples and completed two short questionnaires on food consumption and urine collection procedures. Daily intakes of salt, iodine, K and Na:K were estimated, based on the analysis of Na, K and iodine excreted in urine. Setting: Doetinchem, the Netherlands. Subjects: Men and women aged 19 to 70 years were recruited through random sampling of the Doetinchem population and among participants of the Doetinchem Cohort Study (2006: n 317, mean age 48?9 years, 43 % men; 2010: n 342, mean age 46?2 years, 45 % men).

Prevalence of iodine intake inadequacy in elderly Brazilian women. A cross-sectional study

“…Therefore, considering that deficiency or excess of iodine is detrimental and that iodine sufficiency depends on adequate nutritional ingestion, strategies for the diagnosis and intervention of iodine insufficiency, or excess, are clearly feasible and must be implemented. There is need for ongoing monitoring of iodized salt in order to prevent excess as well as insufficient iodine nutrition, and will be essential to coordinate interventions designed to reduce population sodium intake with salt iodization programs in order to maintain adequate levels of iodine nutrition as salt intake declines (3,26).…”

Use of Urine Biomarkers to Assess Sodium Intake: Challenges and Opportunities

“…One estimated 24-h sodium excretion on the assumption that 45% of the sodium was excreted in the timed 12-h specimen (107). Of the studies that collected 24-h urine, only one (59) reported using a factor (95%) to adjust the estimate of intake for the percentage of sodium lost through sweat or stool.…”

“…No two definitions for completion of 24-h urine collection were exactly the same. In relation to potential overcollection, in one study (59), participants were excluded if they reported collecting specimens outside the 24 hours. In two (20, 123), collection start and stop were supervised.…”

“…We identified new reports (not included in previous systematic reviews) of national and subnational population-based studies (6, 30, 59, 64, 76, 84, 112, 123, 151) using 24-h urine specimens. All but two, which were subnational (76, 151), were conducted in high-income countries.…”

Associations between thyroid function and mortality: the influence of age

“…In the past, mild iodine deficiency was present in this part of The Netherlands (33,34). Currently, the iodine status of this population is considered to be adequate (35,36). Approval to conduct the study was obtained from the Institutional Review Board.…”