Monitoring serum chondroitin sulfate levels in patients submitted to coronary artery bypass surgery

Abstract

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are functionally important molecules of the arterial wall and play a crucial role in atherogenesis. Chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate proteoglycans (CS/DSPGs) participate in several biological events through their GAG chains, and are also involved in the development of atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to compare the pre- and post-operative levels of CS in serum of patients after coronary artery bypass graft surgery using a highly sensitive reversed-polarity capillary electrophoresis method and to investigate the correlation of CS with common biochemical lipid markers. It was found that CS values were significantly higher for all patients post-operatively and, furthermore, CS levels were statistically correlated to apolipoprotein A and B levels. Notably, the pre-operational lipid profile of the patient may be indicative of the values of 4-sulfated CS post-operationally. Furthermore, the obtained results highlight the clinical significance of CS levels in serum, since they may provide complementary information for the latent inflammatory state of the patient.

Association between Human Plasma Chondroitin Sulfate Isomers and Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaques

“…It has been described that the ratio of 6-sulfated to 4-sulfated disaccharides is increased in atherosclerotic type II aortas and significantly decreased in atherosclerotic type V, indicating that vascular concentration of GAGs is differently affected during the progression of the disease [4]. Increased levels of both undersulfated and normosulfated CS have been described in postoperative serum samples of patients submitted to coronary artery bypass surgery and proposed as indicative of an inflammatory state of the patient [35]. …”

Revised Starling equation and the glycocalyx model of transvascular fluid exchange: an improved paradigm for prescribing intravenous fluid therapy

“…33 37 Compaction of the EGL by removal of GAGs preserves its resistance to filtration, despite loss of thickness and possible reduction in permeability. 37 Compaction of the EGL and the increase in heparan, 38 39 hyaluronic acid, 40 or chondroitin 41 in plasma are considered markers of glycocalyx injury, described as 'shedding', 'flaking', or 'fragmentation' (Fig. 1).…”

FACE Analysis as a Fast and Reliable Methodology to Monitor the Sulfation and Total Amount of Chondroitin Sulfate in Biological Samples of Clinical Importance

“…Sulfation pattern of CS in the serum was the same in healthy and patient donors. CE analysis was performed with reverse polarity by use of 50 mM phosphate operating buffer, pH 3.0 [14].…”

“…For instance, the CS composed of repeating disaccharides with both C-4 and C-6 sulfation of GalNAc has an important role in bone development [10] and viral infections [11], whereas it is increased in ovarian and pancreatic cancers, resulting in changes in neoplastic growth and cell motility [12]. Alterations of sulfation at C-4 and C-6 were also observed in atherosclerosis and vascular injuries [13], whereas that at C-4 is increased in blood serum of patients after coronary artery bypass operation [14]. This latter data indicate the clinical significance of CS sulfation in serum.…”