Monitoring the effects of component structure and source on formulation stability and adjuvant activity of oil-in-water emulsions

Selection of Adjuvants for Enhanced Vaccine Potency

“…Although MF59 may be cleared independently from soluble antigens after intramuscular injection [129], its efficacy as adjuvant is likely attributable partly to its depot effect and cellular infiltration [123]. The individual components of the emulsion do not seem to be special, as replacement of the oil and surfactant maintains satisfactory immunological properties (antibody response to an antigen) in mice [130].…”

Emulsion-based Vaccine Adjuvants

“…Several earlier studies revealed no bias of MF59 in generating T-helper cells of type 1 or 2 phenotype [6]. One recent study of MF59-adjuvanted H5N1 influenza vaccine demonstrated expansion of CD4 + T lymphocytes with a Th1-prone effector/memory phenotype [7]. A threefold increase in total H5-specific CD4 + T cells after the first dose of adjuvanted vaccine predicted the rise of neutralizing antibodies to presumed protective titers after booster immunization [8].…”

“…Not only are they effective vectors for viral transmission but they also had four-times greater rate of infection and were hospitalized more frequently than adults during the 2009/2010 H1N1 pandemic [3][4][5][6]. This was due, in part, to the fact that children had no measurable immunity to H1N1 infection prior to the pandemic [7]. It was therefore particularly crucial that pandemic vaccines generated "best possible" immune responses, suggesting a role for using new adjuvants, including AS03.…”

“…Regulatory hurdles to the approval of such added innate ligands make squalene appear to be the more straightforward path towards a simple effective adjuvant. Thus, efforts have been made with promising results using squalene from renewable sources, such as olives [6,7]; bioengineered yeast cells may also be a viable alternative for producing squalene and similar molecules. For instance, a biosynthetic isoprenoid elicited similar antibody titers to a shark-squalene emulsion when formulated with a recombinant influenza antigen and used to immunize mice (Figure 3.2).…”

Poloxamer 188 as a Supplement to Barium Cross-Linked Ultra-High Viscosity Alginate for Immunoisolation of Transplanted Islet Cells

“…The polyoxyethylene units represent approximately 81% of the compound [8]. P188 has diverse applications in various biomedical fields ranging from drug delivery, gene transfer, tissue engineering [9], and vaccine adjuvanting [10] to medical imaging for the management of vascular diseases and disorders, and cancer therapy. We chose P188 as a supplement for the alginate because of its lack of toxicity and its non-thrombogenic properties [11,12].…”