Monitoring the stability of an Anammox reactor under high salinity conditions

Dapena-Mora, Ana; Vázquez-Padín, José Ramón; Campos, José Luis; Mosquera-Corral, Anuska; Jetten, Mike S. M.; Méndez, R.

doi:10.1016/j.bej.2010.06.014

Cited by 101 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…Since number of reported ionic species varies among landfills, then estimation of total salinity in terms of TDS (by applying conversion factor, or through summation of major dissolved ions) was not feasible. However by referring to maximum value of major inorganics (maximum value, in mg/L: Cl=3000, SO 4 =2100, Na=1800, K =1100, Ca=360, Mg=170) and heavy metals (maximum value, in mg/L: Pb=4.1, Mn=1.1, Cd=1, other heavy metals < 1) in the leachate, and considering the inhibitory effect of these contaminants on anammox bacteria (Bi et al, 2014;Dapena-Mora et al, 2007;Dapena-Mora et al, 2010;Huang et al, 2014), then salinity and concentration of heavy metals are most likely to be below the minimum threshold for inhibition. However some of these substances should still be present at low concentrations, to prevent nutrient starvation for anammox bacteria (Zhang et al, 2016b).…”

Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 99%

Municipal landfill leachate characteristics and feasibility of retrofitting existing treatment systems with deammonification – A full scale survey

Mohammad-pajooh

Weichgrebe

Cuff

2017

Journal of Environmental Management

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Leachate characteristics, applied technologies and energy demand for leachate treatment were investigated through survey in different states of Germany. Based on statistical analysis of leachate quality data from 2010 to 2015, almost half of the contaminants in raw leachate satisfy direct discharge limits. Decrease in leachate pollution index of current landfills is mainly related to reduction in concentrations of certain heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Cd, Hg) and organics (biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and adsorbable organic halogen (AOX)). However, contaminants of concern remain COD, ammonium-nitrogen (NHN) and BOD with average concentrations in leachate of about 1850, 640, and 120 mg/L respectively. Concentrations of COD and NHN vary seasonally, mainly due to temperature changes; concentrations during the first quarter of the year are mostly below the annual average value. Electrical conductivity (EC) of leachate may be used as a time and cost saving alternative to monitor sudden changes in concentration of these two parameters, due to high correlations of around 0.8 with both COD and NHN values which are possibly due to low heavy metal concentrations in leachate. The decreased concentrations of heavy metals and BOD favor the retrofitting of an existing biological reactor (nitrification/denitrification) with the deammonification process and post denitrification, as this lowers average annual operational cost (in terms of energy and external carbon source) and CO emission by €25,850 and 15,855 kg CO respectively.

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Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 99%

Municipal landfill leachate characteristics and feasibility of retrofitting existing treatment systems with deammonification – A full scale survey

Mohammad-pajooh

Weichgrebe

Cuff

2017

Journal of Environmental Management

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“…Under this condition, anammox activity was slightly reduced at the initial stages but gradually increased thereafter. Similarly, the presence of NaCl was observed to enhance the aggregation of anammox biomass and stimulate anammox activity at NaCl concentrations of 6-15 g/L [162]. In another study [170], the addition of 5 g/L NaCl and CaCl 2 favored the formation of anammox biofilms in an 1 L SBR reactor operated in continuous mode.…”

Section: Inhibition By Salinitymentioning

confidence: 86%

“…At a smaller scale batch test with 25 mL vials using anammox sludge dominated by "Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis", the IC 50 value of NaCl was determined at 13.45 g/L [26]. The inhibition of salinity shock on nitrogen removal performance of anammox was generally found in the range from 10-15 g/L [162,166,[168][169][170]172,173]. A complete inhibition of anammox activity was observed in a 10 L MBBR reactor continuously fed with NaCl of 15 g/L [168].…”

Section: Inhibition By Salinitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of Anammox Processes for Wastewater Treatment: A Critical Review on Effects of Operational Conditions and Environmental Stresses

Cho

Kambey

Nguyễn

2019

Water

123

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The anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process is well-known as a low-energy consuming and eco-friendly technology for treating nitrogen-rich wastewater. Although the anammox reaction was widely investigated in terms of its application in many wastewater treatment processes, practical anammox application at the pilot and industrial scales is limited because nitrogen removal efficiency and anammox activity are dependent on many operational factors such as temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen concentration, nitrogen loading, and organic matter content. In practical application, anammox bacteria are possibly vulnerable to non-essential compounds such as sulfides, toxic metal elements, alcohols, phenols, and antibiotics that are potential inhibitors owing to the complexity of the wastewater stream. This review systematically summarizes up-to-date studies on the effect of various operational factors on nitrogen removal performance along with reactor type, mode of operation (batch or continuous), and cultured anammox bacterial species. The effect of potential anammox inhibition factors such as high nitrite concentration, high salinity, sulfides, toxic metal elements, and toxic organic compounds is listed with a thorough interpretation of the synergistic and antagonistic toxicity of these inhibitors. Finally, the strategy for optimization of anammox processes for wastewater treatment is suggested, and the importance of future studies on anammox applications is indicated.

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“… Dapena‐Mora and colleagues (2007 ) showed that addition of 2.9, 5.9, 8.8 and 11.7 g NaCl l −1 to a non‐adapted AnAOB community resulted in about 120%, 110%, 95%, 85% of the anammox activity relative to the activity without salt respectively. In a follow‐up study, it was shown that the specific anammox activity of salt‐adapted biomass increased for salt concentrations up to 15 g NaCl l −1 ( Dapena‐Mora et al ., 2010 ). In a similar salinity/conductivity range, successful anammox performance has been reported for the treatment of several real effluents: sludge reject water containing 2.0–6.2 and 1.1–2.7 mS cm −1 (∼ 0.4–1.1 g NaCl l −1 ) after treatment ( Szatkowska et al ., 2007 ; Siegrist et al ., 2008 ; Joss et al ., 2009 ; Jeanningros et al ., 2010 ; Zubrowska‐Sudol et al ., 2011 ), black water digestate containing 7.9 mS cm −1 ( Vlaeminck et al ., 2009a ), digestate from fish canning industry containing 8–10 g NaCl l −1 ( Dapena‐Mora et al ., 2006 ), landfill leachate containing 11–65 mS cm −1 , and up to 28 mS cm −1 (∼ 13 g NaCl l −1 ) after treatment ( Siegrist et al ., 1998 ; Ruscalleda, 2012 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Successful hydraulic strategies to start up OLAND sequencing batch reactors at lab scale

Schaubroeck

Bagchi

Clippeleir

et al. 2012

Microbial Biotechnology

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SummaryOxygen‐limited autotrophic nitrification/denitrification (OLAND) is a one‐stage combination of partial nitritation and anammox, which can have a challenging process start‐up. In this study, start‐up strategies were tested for sequencing batch reactors (SBR), varying hydraulic parameters, i.e. volumetric exchange ratio (VER) and feeding regime, and salinity. Two sequential tests with two parallel SBR were performed, and stable removal rates > 0.4 g N l−1 day−1 with minimal nitrite and nitrate accumulation were considered a successful start‐up. SBR A and B were operated at 50% VER with 3 g NaCl l−1 in the influent, and the influent was fed over 8% and 82% of the cycle time respectively. SBR B started up in 24 days, but SBR A achieved no start‐up in 39 days. SBR C and D were fed over 65% of the cycle time at 25% VER, and salt was added only to the influent of SBR D (5 g NaCl l−1). Start‐up of both SBR C and D was successful in 9 and 32 days respectively. Reactor D developed a higher proportion of small aggregates (0.10–0.25 mm), with a high nitritation to anammox rate ratio, likely the cause of the observed nitrite accumulation. The latter was overcome by temporarily including an anoxic period at the end of the reaction phase. All systems achieved granulation and similar biomass‐specific nitrogen removal rates (141–220 mg N g−1 VSS day−1). FISH revealed a close juxtapositioning of aerobic and anoxic ammonium‐oxidizing bacteria (AerAOB and AnAOB), also in small aggregates. DGGE showed that AerAOB communities had a lower evenness than Planctomycetes communities. A higher richness of the latter seemed to be correlated with better reactor performance. Overall, the fast start‐up of SBR B, C and D suggests that stable hydraulic conditions are beneficial for OLAND while increased salinity at the tested levels is not needed for good reactor performance.

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Monitoring the stability of an Anammox reactor under high salinity conditions

Cited by 101 publications

References 21 publications

Municipal landfill leachate characteristics and feasibility of retrofitting existing treatment systems with deammonification – A full scale survey

Municipal landfill leachate characteristics and feasibility of retrofitting existing treatment systems with deammonification – A full scale survey

Performance of Anammox Processes for Wastewater Treatment: A Critical Review on Effects of Operational Conditions and Environmental Stresses

Successful hydraulic strategies to start up OLAND sequencing batch reactors at lab scale

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