Monitoring Training Load in Handcycling: A Case Study

Abstract

Zeller, S, Abel, T, and Strueder, HK. Monitoring training load in handcycling: a case study. J Strength Cond Res 31(11): 3094-3100, 2017-The aim of this study was to analyze the training intensity distribution (TID) and the total training load (TTL) for the first time in handcycling of a multiple female Paralympic medalist (lesion level: L2-3 incomplete, ASIA C, classification: WH5). This study focuses on the preparation and the competitive period of the 2015 season. The athlete completed 194 handcycling training sessions in a time of 433:53 hours, covering a total distance of 10.190 km. An average training week consisted of 9:38 ± 4:50 hours of training during 4.3 ± 1.5 training sessions. Training was categorized according to the 3-zone intensity scale (zone 1: below blood lactate levels of 2 mmol·L; zone 2: between 2 mmol·L and 4 mmol·L; and zone 3: above 4 mmol·L). The average TID during the observation was 71.6 ± 14.9% in zone 1, 15.2 ± 8.0% in zone 2, and 13.1 ± 5.5% in zone 3. The analysis of TID throughout the season demonstrates a tendency toward a greater volume in zone 2 than the recommendations in the literature. The mean TTL throughout the season was 804 ± 399 arbitrary units. During the investigation, the performance capacity in the incremental exercise test analog to 4 mmol·L increased by 19% (150-181 W), whereas the peak power output improved by 22% (180-200 W). Currently, no general guideline for the TTL and TID in paraplegic endurance athletes can be given.

Physiological responses during simulated 16 km recumbent handcycling time trial and determinants of performance in trained handcyclists

“…AeLT was calculated using the log-log transformation method (Beaver et al 1985). Moreover, this test enabled the identification of the PO corresponding to a fixed BLa of 4 mmol L −1 (PO 4 ), by using linear interpolation methods as used in the handcycling literature (Stangier et al 2019;Zeller et al 2017).…”

“…in individual time trials (TT) (10-30 km, lasting 20-40 min) and/or road races (40-80 km, lasting 60-150 min) with many handcycling events being scheduled on consecutive days (Zeller et al 2017). To date, most studies examining physiological responses during handcycling have gathered and described heart rate (HR), capillary blood lactate concentration (BLa), power output (PO) or rate of oxygen uptake ( V O 2 ) during laboratory-based exercise tests (Janssen et al 2001;Abel et al 2010;de Groot et al 2014;Kouwijzer et al 2018b;Quittmann et al 2018).…”

Shoulder and thorax kinematics contribute to increased power output of competitive handcyclists

“…Breath‐by‐breath gas analysis (Cortex Metalyzer 3B, Cortex, Leipzig, Germany) and heart rate (HR) (Polar RS400, Kempele, Finland) were collected throughout the submaximal and maximal protocols. After 2 hours of recovery, participants completed two 5 minute exercise bouts, in a randomized order, at a power output equivalent to training (50% PO peak ) and competition intensity (70% PO peak ), with 5 minutes rest between trials. Following the completion of the second bout, participants rested for a further 20 minutes, before completing a 20 seconds sprint test .…”

“…Athletes in classes H1‐H4 use arm‐powered recumbent handbikes and the H5 class, because of their greater functional capacity, use arm‐trunk‐powered kneeling handbikes . Handcycling is typically classed as an endurance sport, where athletes compete in time trial and road race disciplines, lasting 20‐140 minutes, but due to the race terrains and tactics speeds average 30‐45 km/h with a top speed of ~55 km/h being noted …”

Qualidade Do Relacionamento Com O Treinador E Resiliência De Atletas Paralímpicos De Atletismo E Natação

“…Dentro da perspectiva de esporte de alto rendimento a literatura atual demostra que as altas demandas oriundas do esporte de excelência exigem do atleta preparação e dedicação adequadas para o contexto (Stephenson, Leicht, Tolfrey, & Goosey-Tolfrey, 2019;Zeller, Abel, & Strueder, 2017). Desta forma, a preparação psicológica passa a ser um fator considerado como diferencial entre os atletas, influenciando diretamente no sucesso esportivo (Chan et al, 2015).…”