Monitors to Ensure the Performance of Photonic Networks

Abstract

As optical networks become more transparent, it becomes increasingly difficult to monitor the integrity of signals within the network. Fortunately, techniques used to improve capacity and reach can often be used to enhance performance monitoring.

Optical Monitoring for Non-Linearity Identification in CO-OFDM Transmission Systems

“…At an unknown OSNR we at first estimate S 1 . After a 10 lg(k) = 2 dB power increment we obtain m 2 and can then evaluate the distorting signal fractions.…”

“…There are several techniques proposed to identify various sources of degradation accumulated during propagation in optical fiber and components [1] [2]. In particular asynchronous monitoring methods have been proposed [3], mainly due to the motivation to avoid clock extraction at monitoring sites along the light path.…”

Optical performance monitoring and network diagnosis in reconfigurable optical networks

“…From the carrier's point of view, "there is no level of performance monitoring that is superfluous; there are only levels that are too expensive" [1], to reduce the cost of monitoring systems, other than the reduction of the cost of monitoring device, it is desirable to optimize various parameters such as the number of probes, the amount of monitoring information, the locations of the monitoring units, etc. In an optical network, there exists correlation between the monitoring information at different nodes and links.…”

Optimizing the monitoring path design for independent dual failures

“…In transparent optical networks, traffic data traverses a lightpath without being electronically processed at the intermediate nodes. While signal transparency offers a cost-efficient solution to high-bit-rate data transmission, limited accessibility to digital processing makes the optical performance monitoring an essential block in physical-layer network planning to ensure the manageability and the efficiency of real-time network operations and maintenance that follow [1]. Specifically, optical performance monitoring is the basis for fast failure detection and localization, which are crucial steps in the fault management process [2].…”