Monkeypox: An Update on Current Knowledge and Research Advances

Chandran, Deepak; Dhama, Kuldeep; Aslam, M.K. Muhammad; Chakraborty, Sandip; Mohapatra, Ranjan K.; Yatoo, Mohd Iqbal; Islam, Md. Aminul; Alagawany, Mahmoud; Sharma, Anil Kumar; Mohankumar, Pran; Panalil, Anupama Das; Chandran, Diljith

doi:10.18006/2022.10(4).679.688

Cited by 33 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…The weight at birth was classified as low if the weight of the child was <2.5 kg and normal if >2.5 kg. The z-scores of three anthropometric indices namely height-for-age, weight-for-age, and weight-for-height were used to assess a child's nutritional status as suggested by WHO ( 9 ). The z-score indicates how far a given result deviates from the mean, and it is commonly used to normalize data.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association of household fuel with acute respiratory infection (ARI) under-five years children in Bangladesh

Islam

Hasan

Ahammed

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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In developing countries, acute respiratory infections (ARIs) cause a significant number of deaths among children. According to Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS), about 25% of the deaths in children under-five years are caused by ARI in Bangladesh every year. Low-income families frequently rely on wood, coal, and animal excrement for cooking. However, it is unclear whether using alternative fuels offers a health benefit over solid fuels. To clear this doubt, we conducted a study to investigate the effects of fuel usage on ARI in children. In this study, we used the latest BDHS 2017–18 survey data collected by the Government of Bangladesh (GoB) and estimated the effects of fuel use on ARI by constructing multivariable logistic regression models. From the analysis, we found that the crude (the only type of fuel in the model) odds ratio (OR) for ARI is 1.69 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06–2.71]. This suggests that children in families using contaminated fuels are 69.3% more likely to experience an ARI episode than children in households using clean fuels. After adjusting for cooking fuel, type of roof material, child's age (months), and sex of the child–the effect of solid fuels is similar to the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) for ARI (OR: 1.69, 95% CI: 1.05–2.72). This implies that an ARI occurrence is 69.2% more likely when compared to the effect of clean fuel. This study found a statistically significant association between solid fuel consumption and the occurrence of ARI in children in households. The correlation between indoor air pollution and clinical parameters of ARI requires further investigation. Our findings will also help other researchers and policymakers to take comprehensive actions by considering fuel type as a risk factor as well as taking proper steps to solve this issue.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yet, it is nearly impossible to prove whether the main risk factors for developing an ARI from viruses and bacteria originate from the nose, trachea (windpipe), or lungs ( 3 – 5 ). Children, elderly, and people with immune system abnormalities are especially vulnerable ( 6 – 9 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of household fuel with acute respiratory infection (ARI) under-five years children in Bangladesh

Islam

Hasan

Ahammed

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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“…To stop the spread of MPXV infections, a successful strategy involving the repurposing of bioactive phytochemicals and existing pharmaceuticals is required. [25][26][27] Saho et al 28 identified that Tipranavir, Cefiderocol, Doxorubicin, and Dolutegravir were the potential drugs among the FDA approved list for monkeypox virus. 28 Similarly, Odhar et al 20 identified that tetracycline (antibiotics) strongly inhibits cysteine proteases of monkeypox virus.…”

Section: Molecular Docking Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational Purposing Phytochemicals against Cysteine Protease of Monkeypox Virus: An In-silico Approach

Bansal¹,

Gupta²,

Sangwan³

et al. 2022

J. Pure Appl. Microbiol.

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The development and evolution of viruses that cause disease have presented a formidable challenge to contemporary medicine and the global economy, not to mention a catastrophic risk to human health. Almost all of these viruses are zoonotic, meaning they were first identified in animals and then spread to humans. An emerging virus may cause only a few isolated instances, resulting in a limited outbreak, or it may cause widespread infection and spread to other parts of the world, triggering a full-blown epidemic. These kinds of emerging occurrences have occurred frequently and in many different forms during the past few decades. Monkeypox is a zoonotic disease caused by the monkeypox virus, a member of the orthopox family that also includes variola, cowpox, and vaccinia. Both animals and humans can get infected by this virus. Similar to smallpox this disease shows less severe rashes and lower mortality rate. The outbreak of monkeypox was declared a global public health emergency by the World Health Organization in July 2022. Unknown mutations and variations are linked to the recent epidemic. Presently, FDA approved tecovirimat, cidofovir and brincidofovir are there in market to treat monkeypox virus. But there are some side effects of these drugs as they are synthetic. So, scientists are working on natural remedies that can be used as alternative to these drugs. In the present study virtual screening of phytochemicals (N-(2-Allylcarbamoyl-4-chloro-phenyl)-3,4-dimethoxy-benzamide, 6-Dimethylaminonaphthene-1-sulfonicacid amide, Oleic Acid and dipentyl ester) from Allophylus serratus were employed against core viral cysteine proteases from monkeypox virus was done. The docking study revealed that selected ligands bind with target viral protein with binding affinity in the range of -5.0 to -6.7 kcal/mol. N-(2-Allylcarbamoyl-4-chloro-phenyl)-3,4-dimethoxy-benzamide showed the highest binding affinity of -6.7 kcal/mol which can be investigated in the future to design potential drugs against monkeypox virus. Thus, this study foresees the possibility of bioactive phytochemicals functioning as template molecules for further experimental evaluation of their efficiency against monkeypox virus.

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“…The precision and accuracy of the models are compared based on error criteria indices while a comprehensive database from different continents issued by global organizations is used to evaluate the proposed models. A globally concerted effort toward the practice of open data sharing and open science priorities is required to generate data and gain adequate knowledge on Monkeypox, which is crucial to rapidly tackle the epidemic and reduce long-term human MPXV infection [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Global Monkeypox Cases and Meteorological Factors

Islam

Sangkham

Tiwari

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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The emergence of an outbreak of Monkeypox disease (MPXD) is caused by a contagious zoonotic Monkeypox virus (MPXV) that has spread globally. Yet, there is no study investigating the effect of climatic changes on MPXV transmission. Thus, studies on the changing epidemiology, evolving nature of the virus, and ecological niche are highly paramount. Determination of the role of potential meteorological drivers including temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, dew point, wind speed, and surface pressure is beneficial to understand the MPXD outbreak. This study examines the changes in MPXV cases over time while assessing the meteorological characteristics that could impact these disparities from the onset of the global outbreak. To conduct this data-based research, several well-accepted statistical techniques including Simple Exponential Smoothing (SES), Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA), Automatic forecasting time-series model (Prophet), and Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average with Explanatory Variables (ARIMAX) were applied to delineate the correlation of the meteorological factors on global daily Monkeypox cases. Data on MPXV cases including affected countries spanning from May 6, 2022, to November 9, 2022, from global databases and meteorological data were used to evaluate the developed models. According to the ARIMAX model, the results showed that temperature, relative humidity, and surface pressure have a positive impact [(51.56, 95% confidence interval (CI): −274.55 to 377.68), (17.32, 95% CI: −83.71 to 118.35) and (23.42, 95% CI: −9.90 to 56.75), respectively] on MPXV cases. In addition, dew/frost point, precipitation, and wind speed show a significant negative impact on MPXD cases. The Prophet model showed a significant correlation with rising MPXD cases, although the trend predicts peak values while the overall trend increases. This underscores the importance of immediate and appropriate preventive measures (timely preparedness and proactive control strategies) with utmost priority against MPXD including awareness-raising programs, the discovery, and formulation of effective vaccine candidate(s), prophylaxis and therapeutic regimes, and management strategies.

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Monkeypox: An Update on Current Knowledge and Research Advances

Cited by 33 publications

References 61 publications

Association of household fuel with acute respiratory infection (ARI) under-five years children in Bangladesh

Association of household fuel with acute respiratory infection (ARI) under-five years children in Bangladesh

Computational Purposing Phytochemicals against Cysteine Protease of Monkeypox Virus: An In-silico Approach

Association between Global Monkeypox Cases and Meteorological Factors

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