Monkeypox: key pointers for dermatologists

Abstract

The current monkeypox epidemic is a major public health concern as the global outbreak continues to grow. We present a case report to highlight the salient points for dermatologists. Human monkeypox is a zoonosis caused by monkeypox virus, belonging to the Orthopoxvirus genus and is a close relative of the variola virus. Pleomorphic skin lesions appear ranging from macules, papules, vesicles, pustules, some of which may appear umbilicated before crusting over. Dermatologists play a key role in early recognition of new cases, aiding diagnoses leading to prevention of disease spread through identification and isolation, contact tracing and education.

Infection prevention and control measures to reduce the transmission of mpox: a systematic review

“…The majority of cases of mpox infection reasonably concluded by review authors to have resulted from a single transmission route occurred through direct physical sexual contact (13, 14, 18, 20, 22, 23, 25, 26, 27, 33, 34, 36, 37, 39, 40, 42, 44, 45, 47, 48, 51, 58, 59, 60, 61, 63, 64, 65, 67, 68, 71, 72, 78, 79, 83, 85, 86, 87, 88, 92, 93, 96, 97, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 109, 110, 111, 112, 114, 115, 119, 126) (Table 4). Where they could identify a single route of human-to-human transmission resulting in mpox infection, investigators reported no cases in which inhalation could reasonably have been the singular mode of mpox virus transmission (Table 4).…”

“…114 studies reported cases of human-to-human mpox as a result of transmission (13–126). 39 studies were conducted prior to the 2022 outbreak (15, 16, 19, 21, 24, 31, 32, 35, 38, 43, 46, 49, 50, 53, 54, 55, 56, 62, 66, 69, 73, 74, 76, 77, 80, 81, 82, 83, 95, 99, 100, 101, 102, 116, 117, 120, 123, 124, 125) and 75 studies were published during 2022 (13, 14, 17, 18, 20, 22, 23, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 33, 34, 36, 37, 39, 40, 41, 42, 44, 45, 47, 48, 51, 52, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 63, 64, 65, 67, 68, 70, 71, 72, 75, 78, 79, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, <...…”

“…The region of acquisition of infection was reported as follows: 37 studies from Africa (15, 19, 21, 24, 31, 32, 35, 38, 43, 49, 50, 53, 54, 55, 56, 62, 66, 69, 73, 74, 76, 77, 80, 81, 82, 83, 90, 95, 99, 100, 101, 102, 116, 120, 123, 124, 125), 1 study from the Eastern Mediterranean Region (121), 48 studies from Europe (13, 14, 18, 20, 22, 23, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 33, 36, 37, 39, 40, 42, 44, 45, 47, 48, 51, 52, 57, 58, 60, 61, 67, 72, 78, 79, 84, 86, 88, 89, 92, 94, 97, 98, 104, 109, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 122, 126), 8 studies from North America (17,46, 64, 70, 85, 93, 106, 107), and 3 ...…”

“…Twenty-eight studies were published prior to 2022 that did not report clade of included cases (15, 16, 19, 21, 24, 35, 38, 46, 50, 53, 54, 55, 56, 62, 66, 69, 73, 74, 76, 77, 80, 81, 95, 100, 116, 117, 120, 123). Fifty-two studies were published in 2022 that did not report a clade of included cases (18, 20, 23, 25–28, 30, 33, 34, 36, 37, 39–42, 44, 45, 48, 52, 58–61, 64, 65, 67, 68, 70–72, 75, 84, 85, 87–90, 92–94, 96–98, 106, 107, 110–112, 114, 115, 119).…”

Infection prevention and control measures to reduce the transmission of mpox: A systematic review

“…The region of acquisition of infection was reported as follows: 37 studies from Africa [ 15 , 19 , 21 , 24 , 31 , 32 , 35 , 38 , 43 , 49 , 50 , 53 – 56 , 62 , 66 , 69 , 73 , 74 , 76 , 77 , 80 – 83 , 90 , 95 , 99 – 102 , 116 , 120 , 123 – 125 ], 1 study from the Eastern Mediterranean Region [ 121 ], 48 studies from Europe [ 13 , 14 , 18 , 20 , 22 , 23 , 25 – 29 , 33 , 36 , 37 , 39 , 40 , 42 , 44 , 45 , 47 , 48 , 51 , 52 , 57 , 58 , 60 ,…”