Monkeys in Measles Research

Binnendijk, Robert S. van; Heijden, Roger W. J. van der; Osterhaus, Albert D. M. E.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-78621-1_9

Cited by 37 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…The virus is extremely infectious (see above) and a single tissue-culture infectious dose can cause disease in monkey models [34]. After inhalation, the virus replicates in the upper respiratory tract, in the epithelia of the trachea and the lung, although it is not entirely clear in which cell types initial replication occurs.…”

Section: Molecular Biology Of the Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cotton rat model mimics aspects of immunosuppression of MV in the human [176,177]. The most realistic model that mimics MV infection in humans is that of infection in macaques [34,[178][179][180][181][182][183][184], but the cost of these animals is high and small numbers are available. Rash is shown as a reliable indicator of the value of a model.…”

Section: The Value Of Animal Model Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morbilliviruses and human disease

Rima

Duprex

2005

The Journal of Pathology

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Morbilliviruses are a group of viruses that belong to the family Paramyxoviridae. The most instantly recognizable member is measles virus (MV) and individuals acutely infected with the virus exhibit a wide range of clinical symptoms ranging from a characteristic mild selflimiting infection to death. Canine distemper virus (CDV) and rinderpest virus (RPV) cause a similar but distinctive pathology in dogs and cattle, respectively, and these, alongside experimental MV infection of primates, have been useful models for MV pathogenesis. Traditionally, viruses were identified because a distinctive disease was observed in man or animals; an infectious agent was subsequently isolated, cultured, and this could be used to recapitulate the disease in an experimentally infected host. Thus, satisfying Koch's postulates has been the norm. More recently, particularly due to the advent of exceedingly sensitive molecular biological assays, many researchers have looked for infectious agents in disease conditions for which a viral aetiology has not been previously established. For these cases, the modified Koch's postulates of Bradford Hill have been developed as criteria to link a virus to a specific disease. Only in a few cases have these conditions been fulfilled. Therefore, many viruses have over the years been definitely and tentatively linked to human diseases and in this respect the morbilliviruses are no different. In this review, human diseases associated with morbillivirus infection have been grouped into three broad categories: (1) those which are definitely caused by the infection; (2) those which may be exacerbated or facilitated by an infection; and (3) those which currently have limited, weak, unsubstantiated or no credible scientific evidence to support any link to a morbillivirus. Thus, an attempt has been made to clarify the published data and separate human diseases actually linked to morbilliviruses from those that are merely anecdotally associated.

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Section: Molecular Biology Of the Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Value Of Animal Model Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morbilliviruses and human disease

Rima

Duprex

2005

The Journal of Pathology

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“…Much of the more detailed knowledge of pathogenesis and sites of viral replication has come from studies in nonhuman primates (3). Monkeys experimentally infected with wild-type strains of measles virus (MV) develop a similar disease to humans (4,5). Significant progress has been made in understanding viral pathogenesis by harnessing wild-type recombinant MVs (rMVs) expressing fluorescent proteins and the measles monkey model (6)(7)(8)(9).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Live-Attenuated Measles Virus Vaccine Targets Dendritic Cells and Macrophages in Muscle of Nonhuman Primates

Rennick

Vries

Carsillo

et al. 2015

J Virol

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Although live-attenuated measles virus (MV) vaccines have been used successfully for over 50 years, the target cells that sustain virus replication in vivo are still unknown. We generated a reverse genetics system for the live-attenuated MV vaccine strain Edmonston-Zagreb ( IMPORTANCE Even though MV strain Edmonston-Zagreb has long been used as a live-attenuated vaccine (LAV) to protect against measles, nothing is known about the primary cells in which the virus replicates in vivo.This is vital information given the push to move toward needle-free routes of vaccination, since vaccine virus replication is essential for vaccination efficacy. We have generated a number of recombinant MV strains expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein. The virus that best mimicked the nonrecombinant vaccine virus was formulated according to protocols for production of commercial vaccine virus batches, and was subsequently used to assess viral tropism in nonhuman primates. The virus primarily replicated in professional antigen-presenting cells, which may explain why this LAV is so immunogenic and efficacious.

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“…Recent advances in vaccinology have offered many new tools for vaccine development (13), and monkeys provide a model system for developing and testing new measles vaccines (14,15). Previous studies have shown that vaccination with DNA expressing either the hemagglutinin (H) or the fusion (F) protein of measles virus (MV) protected monkeys from measles and did not predispose to atypical measles (16).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%