Mono‐ and Polyazatriphenylene‐Based Ligands: An Updated Library of Synthetic Strategies (2001–2018)

Abstract

This review surveys the most useful strategies for the synthesis of azatriphenylenes. Azatriphenylene derivatives are of considerable interest due to their promising photophysical and coordinating properties and to their presence in the composition of natural products. These scaffolds have shown ability as photoluminescent chemosensors for organic anions and nitroaromatic compounds. The straight‐forward construction of an azatriphenylene moiety from the easily available chemicals is desirable due to its tremendous use in the various branches of chemistry and material sciences. These target compounds can also be used as components of (metallo)intercalators (insertors) for biological studies as well as photoluminescent emitters. Here we report a review on the synthesis of these scaffolds employing different strategies such as cyclocondensation reaction, Friedel–Crafts reaction, Westphal condensation reaction, Chichibabin‐type condensation reaction, coupling reaction, intermolecular homocoupling‐cyclotrimerization reaction, cycloaddition reaction, Pomeranz–Fritsch cyclization and intramolecular cyclization reaction. In addition, a brief historical approach has also been discussed. This review will cover the synthetic routes to afford azatriphenylene derivatives broadly including mono‐, di‐, tri‐, tetra, and hexa‐azatriphenylenes. As a consequence, this review will contribute ample and updated information on the synthesis of this class of compounds.

An overview on synthetic strategies for the construction of star-shaped molecules

“…To the best of our knowledge, a number of other reviews 24,[56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67] that have appeared, concerning the chemistry of star-shaped molecules, did not pay special attention to the synthesis of such systems in an organized manner with respect to central core as well as the type of side arms. The review will cover the literature in this area over the last decades.…”

Synthesis and Photophysical Studies of Novel V‐Shaped 2,3‐Bis{5‐aryl‐2‐thienyl}(dibenzo[f,h])quinoxalines

“…Moreover dibenzo[ f,h ]thieno[3,4‐ b ]quinoxalines as components for bilayer organic solar cells and bis[ f,h ]pyrazino‐annulated 2,3‐diarylquinazolines, representing promising star‐shaped donor‐acceptor dyes, were developed . 2,3‐Bisaryl‐bis[1,2,5]thiadiazole[3,4‐ f :3′,4′‐ h ]quinoxalines, wide range of tribenzo[ b,f,h ]quinoxalines (diazatriphenylenes) and thiophene‐fused phenazine derivatives were described. To our knowledge true 2,3‐bis(thienyl)dibenzo[ f,h ]quinoxalines were not reported so far.…”