Monoaminergic innervation of the pulmonary vessels in various laboratory animals (rat, rabbit, cat)

Čech, Svatopluk; Dolezel, S

doi:10.1007/bf02135949

Cited by 29 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…On the other hand, as the density of the adrenergic plexus in a blood vessel becomes higher, a smaller proportion of the released transmitter will reach the effector cells since more of the liberated transmitter (/-NE) is likely to be taken up within the plexus by adjacent neurons [7], In blood vessels with an asymmetrical innervation, the transmitter con centration is highest at the effector cells next to the plexus and the deeper layers of the media become activated either by diffusion of the transmitter [8] and/or by myogenic propagation of activity [9][10][11]. The three-dimensional distribution of the adrenergic terminal structures found within the media of the heavily innervated cutaneous veins of the rabbit represents an un usual pattern in blood vessels, previously observed in several other areas of the vasculature [10,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19], A direct innervation of some of the deep effector cells should allow a more precise neurogenic excitatory control and one of greater magnitude than when the effector cells are activated by trans mitter diffusion from remote sites of transmitter release. The results sup port these conjectures in that the cephalic and small saphenous veins gave the greatest neurogenic responses of the vessels studied (table I).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innervation Pattern and Neurogenic Response of Rabbit Veins

Bevan¹,

Hosmer²,

Ljung³

et al. 1974

J Vasc Res

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The adrenergic neuroeffector mechanism has been assessed in 14 different veins of the rabbit chosen to represent vessels of different, function and regional location. The pattern, distribution and density of the adrenergic innervation were assessed by fluorescence histochemistry. The magnitude of the neurogenic contractile response of isolated segments was studied in vitro in relation to the maximum response to 1-norepinephrine. The diameter and wall thickness of the veins was determined. The amount of adrenergic innervation determined histochemically was related to the size of the contractile response. Both fluorescence and response were absent in the superficial cervical, femoral, subcutaneous from back, brachial and deep circumflex iliac branch veins. The amount of adrenergic innervation increased in order in the renal, inferior vena cava, pulmonary, jugular, parietal branch of internal iliac, mesenteric, central ear, cephalic and small saphenous veins. In the latter two veins, innervation was not restricted to the adventitio-medial junction but entered the media. The pattern of innervation and contractile response may be related to the functional need for active venoconstriction in the various parts of the capacitance section of the vascular system.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innervation Pattern and Neurogenic Response of Rabbit Veins

Bevan¹,

Hosmer²,

Ljung³

et al. 1974

J Vasc Res

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“…1; Caesar et al 1957;Hillarp 1959;Richardson 1962;Thaemert 1963Thaemert , 1966Taxi 1965;Devine and Simpson 1967;Burnstock and Costa 1975;Bevan et al 1980). There are some exceptions, where some axons do extend from the plexus in the adventitia into the media to varying depths (Keatinge 1966;Cech and Dolezel 1967;Tsunekawa et al 1967; Morhri et al 1969;Fitlenz 1970;Pergram et al 1976; Luff and McLachlan 1989;Luff et al. 1995).…”

Section: Structure Of the Axon Plexus Around Blood Vesselsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrastructure of sympathetic axons and their structural relationship with vascular smooth muscle

Luff¹

1996

Anat Embryol

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This review focuses on the more recent findings of the structure of sympathetic postganglionic axons and the association of their varicose terminals with vascular smooth muscle. These studies have investigated the innervation of a wide range of vessels from different regions of the vasculature in the rat, guinea pig and rabbit and have predominantly used serial sections and computerised three-dimensional reconstructions of entire varicosities. They have shown, contrary to previous studies conducted in the 1960s and 1970s, that sympathetic axon varicosities commonly form structurally specialised neuromuscular junctions with vascular smooth muscle cells of most resistance arteries and some small veins. In addition, they have shown that most axon varicosities innervating small arterioles and small mesenteric veins form neuromuscular junctions, indicating that neurotransmitter is primarily released at such neuromuscular junctions. This review discusses the structure of sympathetic neuromuscular junctions, their development, structural diversity and distribution on vessels from different regions of the vasculature. These more recent structural findings and their possible significance for our understanding of mechanisms involved in neural transmission in blood vessels is discussed.

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“…The relationships of nerve terminals to smooth muscle cells in pulmonary arteries suggest that release of norepinephrine by adrenergic terminals can produce both decreased compliance and increased resistance in the pulmonary vascular bed, and that acetylcholine released by cholinergic terminals may act directly on vascular smooth muscle or on adrenergic terminals to modulate release of norepinephrine. These results suggest that both sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves may have a regulatory role in the pulmonary circulation.Light microscopy has been used to demonstrate the presence of fine unmyelinated nerves in pulmonary arteries of the cat (Verity et al, 1964;Fisher, 1965;Cech and Dolezel, 1967;Cech, 1969;Hebb, 1969). Acetylcholinesterase-containing nerves, some of which are localized in the tunica media, were demonstrated in intrapulmonary arteries of the cat (Fisher, 1965;Hebb, 1969).…”

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confidence: 99%

A light and electron microscopic study of the innervation of pulmonary arteries in the cat

et al. 1981

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Nerve terminal-smooth muscle relationships were studied in pulmonary arteries of the cat using 5-hydroxydopamine to help differentiate adrenergic and nonadrenergic terminals. There was a periarterial plexus of nerves in the walls of pulmonary arteries that extended into the lung to innervate even small arteries having a single layer of smooth muscle cells. Adrenergic nerves surrounded all arteries and extended into the tunica media of the large arteries. There were also apparent cholinergic nerves around the pulmonary arteries, although this was confirmed by electron microscopy for medium- and small-sized arteries only. The relationships of nerve terminals to smooth muscle cells in pulmonary arteries suggest that release of norepinephrine by adrenergic terminals can produce both decreased compliance and increased resistance in the pulmonary vascular bed, and that acetylcholine released by cholinergic terminals may act directly on vascular smooth muscle or on adrenergic terminals to modulate release of norepinephrine. These results suggest that both sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves may have a regulatory role in the pulmonary circulation.

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Monoaminergic innervation of the pulmonary vessels in various laboratory animals (rat, rabbit, cat)

Cited by 29 publications

References 2 publications

Innervation Pattern and Neurogenic Response of Rabbit Veins

Innervation Pattern and Neurogenic Response of Rabbit Veins

Ultrastructure of sympathetic axons and their structural relationship with vascular smooth muscle

A light and electron microscopic study of the innervation of pulmonary arteries in the cat

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