Monobutyrin and Monovalerin Affect Brain Short-Chain Fatty Acid Profiles and Tight-Junction Protein Expression in ApoE-Knockout Rats Fed High-Fat Diets

Nguyen, Tinh; Hållenius, Frida Fåk; Lin, Xiangguo; Nyman, Margareta; Prykhodko, Olena

doi:10.3390/nu12041202

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…SCFAs are products of gut microbiota and play considerable roles in colonic health and integrity. SCFAs mainly consistent of acetate, butyrate, and propionate, which may affect the expression of TJ proteins and inflammatory factors, and playing an important role in promoting epithelial barrier function and wound healing 21,28 . Therefore, we speculated that TDEP may also affect the expression of SCFAs in feces.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SCFAs mainly consistent of acetate, butyrate, and propionate, which may affect the expression of TJ proteins and inflammatory factors, and playing an important role in promoting epithelial barrier function and wound healing. 21 , 28 Therefore, we speculated that TDEP may also affect the expression of SCFAs in feces. We detected the SCFAs by HPLC, and found that the content of all the SCFAs was decreased by TDEP administration in a dose‐dependent manner.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gut microbiota disorder caused by diterpenoids extracted from Euphorbia pekinensis aggravates intestinal mucosal damage

Wang

Maimaiti

et al. 2021

Pharmacology Res & Perspec

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Gut microbiota disorder will lead to intestinal damage. This study evaluated the influence of total diterpenoids extracted from Euphorbia pekinensis (TDEP) on gut microbiota and intestinal mucosal barrier after long‐term administration, and the correlations between gut microbiota and intestinal mucosal barrier were analysed by Spearman correlation analysis. Mice were randomly divided to control group, TDEP groups (4, 8, 16 mg/kg), TDEP (16 mg/kg) + antibiotic group. Two weeks after intragastric administration, inflammatory factors (TNF‐α, IL‐6, IL‐1β) and LPS in serum, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in feces were tested by Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), respectively. The expression of tight junction (TJ) protein in colon was measured by western blotting. Furthermore, the effects of TDEP on gut microbiota community in mice have been investigated by 16SrDNA high‐throughput sequencing. The results showed TDEP significantly increased the levels of inflammatory factors in dose‐dependent manners, and decreased the expression of TJ protein and SCFAs, and the composition of gut microbiota of mice in TDEP group was significantly different from that of control group. When antibiotics were added, the diversity of gut microbiota was significantly reduced, and the colon injury was more serious. Finally, through correlation analysis, we have found nine key bacteria (Barnesiella, Muribaculaceae_unclassified, Alloprevotella, Candidatus_Arthromitus, Enterorhabdus, Alistipes, Bilophila, Mucispirillum, Ruminiclostridium) that may be related to colon injury caused by TDEP. Taken together, the disturbance of gut microbiota caused by TDEP may aggravate the colon injury, and its possible mechanism may be related to the decrease of SCFAs in feces, disrupted the expression of TJ protein in colon and increasing the contents of inflammatory factors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbiota disorder caused by diterpenoids extracted from Euphorbia pekinensis aggravates intestinal mucosal damage

Wang

Maimaiti

et al. 2021

Pharmacology Res & Perspec

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“…For instance, Mulder et al showed a dramatically increased BBB permeability in adult ApoE–/– mice with chronic HFD intake ( 74 ), whereas Bai et al demonstrated that the consumption of an HFD elevated levels of GFAP, pro-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic factors in the cortex and hippocampus of 20-week-old male ApoE–/– mice ( 75 ). Another work suggests that 5-week feeding of ApoE-deficient rats with an HFD upregulated IL-1β and decreased the expression of occludin in the brain (signs of neuroinflammatory reaction), compared with an LFD ( 76 ). In contrast, there is evidence indicating the beneficial effect of a high-fat/high-cholesterol diet on the expression of BDNF and TrkB mRNAs in the hippocampus of 20-week-old ApoE–/– mice, which is related to improved synaptic plasticity ( 77 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Varying Dietary Component Ratios and Lingonberry Supplementation May Affect the Hippocampal Structure of ApoE–/– Mice

et al. 2022

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ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate and compare the morphological and biochemical characteristics of the hippocampus and the spatial memory of young adult ApoE–/– mice on a standard chow diet, a low-fat diet (LFD), a high-fat diet (HFD), and an HFD supplemented with lingonberries.MethodsEight-week-old ApoE–/– males were divided into five groups fed standard chow (Control), an LFD (LF), an HFD (HF), and an HFD supplemented with whole lingonberries (HF+WhLB) or the insoluble fraction of lingonberries (HF+InsLB) for 8 weeks. The hippocampal cellular structure was evaluated using light microscopy and immunohistochemistry; biochemical analysis and T-maze test were also performed. Structural synaptic plasticity was assessed using electron microscopy.ResultsApoE–/– mice fed an LFD expressed a reduction in the number of intact CA1 pyramidal neurons compared with HF+InsLB animals and the 1.6–3.8-fold higher density of hyperchromic (damaged) hippocampal neurons relative to other groups. The LF group had also morphological and biochemical indications of astrogliosis. Meanwhile, both LFD- and HFD-fed mice demonstrated moderate microglial activation and a decline in synaptic density. The consumption of lingonberry supplements significantly reduced the microglia cell area, elevated the total number of synapses and multiple synapses, and increased postsynaptic density length in the hippocampus of ApoE–/– mice, as compared to an LFD and an HFD without lingonberries.ConclusionOur results suggest that, in contrast to the inclusion of fats in a diet, increased starch amount (an LFD) and reduction of dietary fiber (an LFD/HFD) might be unfavorable for the hippocampal structure of young adult (16-week-old) male ApoE–/– mice. Lingonberries and their insoluble fraction seem to provide a neuroprotective effect on altered synaptic plasticity in ApoE–/– animals. Observed morphological changes in the hippocampus did not result in notable spatial memory decline.

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“…In addition, tight junction proteins play an important role in the barrier function of the duodenal mucosa, and tight junction proteins such as ZO-1 and CX43 are commonly used as indicators to assess the barrier function and permeability function of the intestinal epithelial mucosa ( Oshima and Miwa, 2016 ). Studies show that monobutyric acid and monovaleric acid in ScFAs can upregulate the expression of the tight junction protein ZO-1 and thus protect the intestinal mucosal barrier ( Nguyen et al, 2020 ). Intestinal epithelial cells are an important component of the intestinal mucosal barrier and are differentiated from stem cells at the base of the intestinal mucosal crypts, and the maintenance and repair of the intestinal mucosal barrier depends on the normal proliferation and differentiation of these stem cells ( You et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Possible Mechanisms Of Fd Due To the Dysbiosis Of Gastrointe...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Gastrointestinal Microbiota in Functional Dyspepsia: A Review

Zhou¹,

Zeng

Zhang

et al. 2022

Front. Physiol.

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Functional dyspepsia is a clinically common functional gastrointestinal disorder with a high prevalence, high impact and high consumption of medical resources. The microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract is a large number of families and is one of the most complex microbial reservoirs in the human body. An increasing number of studies have confirmed the close association between dysbiosis of the gastrointestinal microbiota and the occurrence and progression of functional dyspepsia. Therefore, we reviewed the role of dysbiosis of the gastrointestinal microbiota, H. pylori infection and gastrointestinal microbiota metabolites in functional dyspepsia, focusing on the possible mechanisms by which dysbiosis of the gastrointestinal microbiota contributes to the pathogenesis of functional dyspepsia. Several studies have confirmed that dysbiosis of the gastrointestinal microbiota may cause the occurrence and progression of functional dyspepsia by disrupting the biological barrier of the intestinal mucosa, by disturbing the immune function of the intestinal mucosa, or by causing dysregulation of the microbial-gut-brain axis. Probiotics and antibiotics have also been chosen to treat functional dyspepsia in clinical studies and have shown some improvement in the clinical symptoms. However, more studies are needed to explore and confirm the relationship between dysbiosis of the gastrointestinal microbiota and the occurrence and progression of functional dyspepsia, and more clinical studies are needed to confirm the therapeutic efficacy of microbiota modulation for functional dyspepsia.

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Monobutyrin and Monovalerin Affect Brain Short-Chain Fatty Acid Profiles and Tight-Junction Protein Expression in ApoE-Knockout Rats Fed High-Fat Diets

Cited by 17 publications

References 48 publications

Gut microbiota disorder caused by diterpenoids extracted from Euphorbia pekinensis aggravates intestinal mucosal damage

Gut microbiota disorder caused by diterpenoids extracted from Euphorbia pekinensis aggravates intestinal mucosal damage

Varying Dietary Component Ratios and Lingonberry Supplementation May Affect the Hippocampal Structure of ApoE–/– Mice

The Role of Gastrointestinal Microbiota in Functional Dyspepsia: A Review

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