Monochromatized x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy of the AM60 magnesium alloy surface after treatments in fluoride‐based Ti and Zr solutions

Verdier, Stéphane; Delalande, Stéphane; Laak, N. van der; Metson, James B.; Dalard, F.

doi:10.1002/sia.2042

Cited by 53 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…On the other hand the clustering of Zirconium species on the surface in more concentrated solutions produces a non-uniform surface containing a lot of cracks and defects. This effect had been observed previously on magnesium surface [37,38].…”

Section: Surface Characterizationsupporting

confidence: 56%

Application of artificial neural network and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system to investigate corrosion rate of zirconium-based nano-ceramic layer on galvanized steel in 3.5% NaCl solution

Mousavifard

Attar

Ghanbari

et al. 2015

Journal of Alloys and Compounds

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Section: Surface Characterizationsupporting

confidence: 56%

Application of artificial neural network and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system to investigate corrosion rate of zirconium-based nano-ceramic layer on galvanized steel in 3.5% NaCl solution

Mousavifard

Attar

Ghanbari

et al. 2015

Journal of Alloys and Compounds

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“…38,58,71,74,102,105,106 After sufficient immersion time (Figs. 3 and 4) the coating covers the surface uniformly on Al alloys, 69,81,107,112 HDG steel, 52,68,72 and CRS.…”

Section: C137mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[34][35][36][37] NaOH or HCl may also be added. In some cases NaF, KF or HF are added to intensify activation, 33,[37][38][39] as fluoride ions attack the surface more strongly than hexafluoro ions. 40 Instead of dihydrogen hexafluoro compounds, 31 Conversion baths may contain organic additives to increase the adhesion of organic coatings applied on top of the conversion coating, surfactants or inorganic additives such as copper, manganese, phosphate, etc., aiming to increase the kinetics of coating formation, affect the coating structure, or add a functional ability such as self-healing.…”

Section: Composition Of Zr-and Ti-based Conversion Bathsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review—Conversion Coatings Based on Zirconium and/or Titanium

Milošev

Frankel

2018

J. Electrochem. Soc.

156

113

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There is a growing interest in conversion coatings based on titanium and/or zirconium as the result of the health and environmental issues associated with legacy chromate and phosphate conversion coatings. Any alternative technology should be environmentally friendly and cost effective, and also able to achieve comparable corrosion resistance and paint adhesion for ferrous and non-ferrous substrates. Conversion coatings based on titanium or zirconium seem to fulfill many of these requirements and thus offer a great potential for further applications. This literature review summarizes the scientific results in this rapidly growing area of research. Following the description of composition of conversion bath and deposition mechanism, the effects of process parameters for conversion baths such as pH, temperature, immersion time and agitation are presented together with coating characteristics. The effects of the type of substrate and substrate pre-treatment are explored for the most-studied substrates: Al alloys, zinc-coated steels and steels. Properties such as composition, morphology and thickness are summarized. The corrosion performance of the conversion coatings is discussed, as well as adhesion of organic coatings and delamination mechanism for a full coating system including substrate/coating/top-coat. Metals used in the construction of products and facilities in most applications, including industrial, infrastructure, transportation, construction, consumer goods, etc., are primarily selected from three groups: steels, zinc-coated (galvanized) steels, and aluminum alloys (AA).1 All of these materials require protection to prevent environmental degradation, and the most common approach to protection against corrosion is a multilayer coating system. Metal components are treated by a series of processes to create this coating system: cleaning, surface pre-treatment, and application of organic coating layers including primer and topcoat. Surface pre-treatments include anodizing (for aluminum alloys) and conversion coatings, which are the focus of this review. Conversion coatings are formed by immersion of a component in a chemical bath and reaction of the metal substrate with the components in the bath to form a layer that coats the surface. These layers provide some corrosion protection by acting as a barrier to the environment or releasing corrosion-inhibiting species. However, their primary role is to improve the adhesion of subsequently applied paint layers.The most important conversion coatings used for corrosion protection and adhesion promotion of ferrous and non-ferrous metal substrates are chromate conversion coatings (CCCs) and phosphate coatings. CCCs are highly corrosion protective. They consist of a backbone of chromium oxide/hydroxide with Cr in the 3+ oxidation state and also contain compounds with Cr in the 6+ oxidation state. 2-5The Cr(VI) provides the characteristic of self-healing, which is the ability to reform a protective coating after it has been breached by a mechanical or chemical proces...

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“…Among these alternatives, zirconium-based surface treatment is a promising pretreatment technique that came into view as a potential replacement for the traditional surface preparations. [9][10][11] Adhesion strength and anticorrosion behavior of an organic coating largely depend on the performance of the conversion layer. As a result, study of the corrosion process and adhesion mechanism are two vital aspects of a coating system characterization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of phosphate ion on the morphology, adhesion strength, and corrosion performance of zirconium-based surface treatment

Ghanbari

Attar

2015

J Coat Technol Res

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In this study, the effect of phosphate ion (PO 4 3À ) was investigated on the different properties of a zirconium-based nanoceramic conversion layer. At the first step, the phosphate ion concentration was optimized using the DC polarization technique. In the next step, the surface morphological aspect of the bare and treated mild steel was evaluated utilizing field emission scanning electron microscopy technique. The results indicate formation of a composite conversion coating on the mild steel surface. Practical adhesion strength between treated mild steels and an epoxy resin was studied by pull-off adhesion test. Finally, the effect of phosphate ion on the corrosion properties of epoxy-coated mild steel was evaluated utilizing electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. It was revealed that the phosphate ion could increase both the adhesion strength and anticorrosion properties of the epoxy-coated substrate.

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Monochromatized x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy of the AM60 magnesium alloy surface after treatments in fluoride‐based Ti and Zr solutions

Cited by 53 publications

References 12 publications

Application of artificial neural network and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system to investigate corrosion rate of zirconium-based nano-ceramic layer on galvanized steel in 3.5% NaCl solution

Application of artificial neural network and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system to investigate corrosion rate of zirconium-based nano-ceramic layer on galvanized steel in 3.5% NaCl solution

Review—Conversion Coatings Based on Zirconium and/or Titanium

Influence of phosphate ion on the morphology, adhesion strength, and corrosion performance of zirconium-based surface treatment

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