Monoclonal aggregating immunoglobulin cryoglobulinaemia in a horse with malignant lymphoma

Traub‐Dargatz, Josie L.; Bertone, Alicia L.; Bennett, Dwight G.; Jones, Robert L.; Weingand, K.; Hall, Roderick L.; DeMartini, James C.; Lavach, J D; Roberts, Steven M.

doi:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1985.tb02560.x

Cited by 27 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…20 Multiple myeloma is extremely rare in other domestic species with only a few reported cases in horses. [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] Multiple myeloma is generally a disease of older animals. Only 4 cats in our study were ,10 years old, and the average age was 12.5 years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple myeloma in 16 cats: a retrospective study

Patel¹,

Cáceres²,

French³

et al. 2005

Veterinary Clinical Pathol

146

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple myeloma in 16 cats: a retrospective study

Patel¹,

Cáceres²,

French³

et al. 2005

Veterinary Clinical Pathol

146

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“…In horses, the main differential diagnosis for monoclonal gammopathies includes multiple myelomas, malignant lymphomas and so-called benign monoclonal gammopathies [18, 33, 69]. In horses and human beings, subclasses of IgG are the predominant paraproteins associated with myeloma, whereas in dogs IgG- and IgA- type multiple myelomas are of equal prevalence [2, 18, 21, 37, 45].…”

Section: Lymphoproliferative Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hematopoietic Neoplasias in Horses: Myeloproliferative and Lymphoproliferative Disorders

Muñoz

Riber

Trigo

et al. 2009

JES

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Leukemia, i.e., the neoplasia of one or more cell lines of the bone marrow, although less common than in other species, it is also reported in horses. Leukemia can be classified according to the affected cells (myeloproliferative or lymphoproliferative disorders), evolution of clinical signs (acute or chronic) and the presence or lack of abnormal cells in peripheral blood (leukemic, subleukemic and aleukemic leukemia). The main myeloproliferative disorders in horses are malignant histiocytosis and myeloid leukemia, the latter being classified as monocytic and myelomonocytic, granulocytic, primary erythrocytosis or polycythemia vera and megakaryocytic leukemia. The most common lymphoproliferative disorders in horses are lymphoid leukemia, plasma cell or multiple myeloma and lymphoma. Lymphoma is the most common hematopoietic neoplasia in horses and usually involves lymphoid organs, without leukemia, although bone marrow may be affected after metastasis. Lymphoma could be classified according to the organs involved and four main clinical categories have been established: generalized-multicentric, alimentary-gastrointestinal, mediastinal-thymic-thoracic and cutaneous. The clinical signs, hematological and clinical pathological findings, results of bone marrow aspirates, involvement of other organs, prognosis and treatment, if applicable, are presented for each type of neoplasia. This paper aims to provide a guide for equine practitioners when approaching to clinical cases with suspicion of hematopoietic neoplasia.

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“…Monoclonal gammopathies can be associated with plasma cell myelomas, macroglobulinemias, some malignant lymphomas, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, canine ehrlichiosis, and benign idiopathic monoclonal gammopathies. 9 Plasma cell myelomas, 11 malignant lymphomas, 15 and idiopathic monoclonal gammopathies 13 have all been reported in the horse.…”

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confidence: 99%

Extramedullary Plasmacytoma in a Horse with Ptyalism and Dysphagia

2000

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Abstract. A Clydesdale mare was examined for weight loss, inappetence, ptyalism, and dysphagia. The main abnormality revealed by serum biochemistry was a marked hyperglobulinemia, and protein electrophoresis revealed a monoclonal gammopathy in the gamma region. The urine was positive for Bence Jones proteins. These findings suggested a plasma cell tumor. The neoplasm could not be located with extensive antemortem examination. At postmortem, neoplastic cells morphologically compatible with plasma cells and positive for equine IgG with imunoperoxidase staining infiltrated the pericardium, mediastinal stromal tissues, adrenal glands, meninges, atrioventricular valves, aorta, abdominal and thoracic fat, and nerves, including the trigeminal nerve. The neoplastic cells invading the cranial nerves were responsible for many of the presenting signs.A 10-year-old 604-kg Clydesdale mare was referred to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital at the Atlantic Veterinary College (AVC) for weight loss, inappetence, ptyalism, and apparent dysphagia of several weeks duration. A complete blood count and a serum biochemistry profile evaluated by the referring veterinarian 2 weeks earlier showed no significant abnormalities. The mare had not responded to a short course of intramuscular procaine penicillin.On physical examination at the AVC, the mare had a poor hair coat, normal pulse and rectal temperature, and an increased respiratory rate of 40 breaths/minute. Frequent chewing motions were observed, with saliva dripping from the muzzle. Further examination included a detailed inspection of the oral cavity and endoscopic evaluation of the pharynx, guttural pouches, upper esophagus, and trachea. During endoscopic examination, the only abnormalities were a weak swallow reflex when the endoscope made contact with the laryngeal structures and a large pool of clear tenacious fluid in the distal trachea. The tracheal fluid was aspirated for examination. Cytologic evaluation revealed low numbers of large squamous epithelial cells and numerous bacteria, which was characteristic of saliva. The roots of the teeth were radiographed, but no abnormalities were observed. A clinical diagnosis of dysphagia of unknown neurologic origin was made. No other cranial nerve deficits or gait abnormalities were observed on neurologic examination.Blood was submitted for a complete blood count (CBC) and a serum biochemical profile. The CBC revealed a mild leukocytosis (16.8 ϫ 10 9 /liter; reference range, 5.5-12.5 ϫ 10 9 /liter) characterized by a mild mature neutrophilia (8.568 ϫ 10 9 /liter; reference range, 2.7-6.7 ϫ 10 9 /liter) and a mild lymphocytosis (8.2 ϫ 10 9 /liter; reference range, 1.5-5.5 ϫ 10 9 /liter). The only significant change on the biochemical profile was a marked hyperproteinemia (102 g/liter; reference range, 60-77 g/liter) caused by a hyperglobulinemia (72 g/liter; reference range, Ͻ40 g/liter). Protein electrophoresis showed a narrow spike in the gamma globulin area supportive of a monoclonal gammopathy (Fig. 1) The results were ambiguous w...

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Monoclonal aggregating immunoglobulin cryoglobulinaemia in a horse with malignant lymphoma

Cited by 27 publications

References 4 publications

Multiple myeloma in 16 cats: a retrospective study

Multiple myeloma in 16 cats: a retrospective study

Hematopoietic Neoplasias in Horses: Myeloproliferative and Lymphoproliferative Disorders

Extramedullary Plasmacytoma in a Horse with Ptyalism and Dysphagia

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