Monoclonal Antibodies to Plant Growth Regulators

Eberle, J.; Arnscheidt, Angelika; Klix, Dieter; Weiler, Elmar W.

doi:10.1104/pp.81.2.516

Cited by 70 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In contrast, the distribution of free cytokinin has not been resolved at the tissue level in the differentiation zone of roots. This might be due to the limited sensitivity of cytokinin antibodies (Eberle et al, 1986) and marker lines (Aloni et al, 2004) that cannot distinguish between different cytokinin types, precursors, and conjugated forms. Only recently has it been demonstrated that c-Z is the major active cytokinin isomer in maize roots (Veach et al, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…GFP under the control of the synthetic promoter Direct Repeat5 (DR5; Friml, 2003) is used to measure free indole acetic acid (IAA) auxin levels, while GUS under the control of the cytokinin-sensitive promoter ARR5 (Aloni et al, 2004) or TCS (Mueller and Sheen, 2008) is used to visualize free bioactive cytokinin levels. Alternatively, antibodies that recognize trans-zeatin riboside and dihydrozeatin riboside and their derivatives can be employed to measure cytokinin levels (Eberle et al, 1986). Direct measurements of hormones are particularly helpful to discriminate between hormone precursors and conjugates that cannot be detected via marker lines or antibodies.…”

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Specification of Cortical Parenchyma and Stele of Maize Primary Roots by Asymmetric Levels of Auxin, Cytokinin, and Cytokinin-Regulated Proteins

et al. 2009

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In transverse orientation, maize (Zea mays) roots are composed of a central stele that is embedded in multiple layers of cortical parenchyma. The stele functions in the transport of water, nutrients, and photosynthates, while the cortical parenchyma fulfills metabolic functions that are not very well characterized. To better understand the molecular functions of these root tissues, protein-and phytohormone-profiling experiments were conducted. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis combined with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry identified 59 proteins that were preferentially accumulated in the cortical parenchyma and 11 stele-specific proteins. Hormone profiling revealed preferential accumulation of indole acetic acid and its conjugate indole acetic acid-aspartate in the stele and predominant localization of the cytokinin cis-zeatin, its precursor ciszeatin riboside, and its conjugate cis-zeatin O-glucoside in the cortical parenchyma. A root-specific b-glucosidase that functions in the hydrolysis of cis-zeatin O-glucoside was preferentially accumulated in the cortical parenchyma. Similarly, four enzymes involved in ammonium assimilation that are regulated by cytokinin were preferentially accumulated in the cortical parenchyma. The antagonistic distribution of auxin and cytokinin in the stele and cortical parenchyma, together with the cortical parenchyma-specific accumulation of cytokinin-regulated proteins, suggest a molecular framework that specifies the function of these root tissues that also play a role in the formation of lateral roots from pericycle and endodermis cells.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Specification of Cortical Parenchyma and Stele of Maize Primary Roots by Asymmetric Levels of Auxin, Cytokinin, and Cytokinin-Regulated Proteins

et al. 2009

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“…The following plant growth retardants were used: 1 -(4-trifluoromethyl)-2-( 1 ,2,4-triazolyl-( 1 ))-3-(5-methyl-1,3-dioxan-5-yl)-propen-3-ol (LAB 150 978 [14]), 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,4,5,9, 1 0-pentaaza-tetra-cyclo-5,4, 1,02,6,08,1"-dodeca-3,9-diene (tetcyclacis [ 13]). The structural formulas of the compounds used are shown in Figure 1 was extracted and the quantitative determination of phytohormones was performed by radioimmunoassay with a polyclonal antiserum for gibberellins according to (1) and by enzymeimmunoassay with mAB for 2-cis(+)ABA (17), cytokinins of the IPA-, ZR-, and DZR-types (5,30) and IAA (18). The antibodies were kindly provided by Professor E. W. Weiler (University of Osnabruck, FRG).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…For GA5 analysis an antiserum against GA, was used which crossreacts with the methyl esters of GA, (100%), GA3, (70%), GA4 (40%), GA5 (29%), GA7 (70%), GA8 (11%), GA9 (15%), and GA20 (55%) (1). For analysis of cytokinins of the ZR-type mAB of J3-I-B3 were used with cross reactivities especially against ZR (100%), zeatin riboside-5'-monophosphate (95%), and transzeatin (47%), and ofthe DZR-type mAB ofJ23-II-B1 with crossreactivities against DZR (100%) and dihydrozeatin (67%) were applied according to (5). For cross-reactivities ofthe mAB against IPA-type cytokinins, IAA and ABA see (17,18,30 [1,5,17,18,30).…”

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Regulation of Plant Morphology by Growth Retardants

Großmann¹,

Kwiatkowski²,

Siebecker³

et al. 1987

Plant Physiol.

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The effects of the growth retardants tetcyclacis, a norbornenodiazetine, and LAB 150 978, a dioxanylalkenyl triazole, on seedling growth and endogenous levels of phytohormone-like substances in Glycine max L. cv Maple Arrow were studied. The levels of phytohormone-like substances in the root and in the various shoot tissues were analyzed by immussay. After seed treatment with both compounds, shoot growth was reduced more intensively than root growth. Both compounds decreased, on a fresh weight basis, the amount of various immunoreactive gibberellins when compared with the levels in control plants, especially in the shoot tip. Likewise, the growth retardants lowered the levels of abscisic acid-like material, particularly in the primary leaf, the epicotyl and the root. In contrast, the levels of trans-zeatin-riboside and dihydrozeatin-riboside-type cytokinins were considerably elevated by the growth retardants, mainly in the primary leaf, epicotyl, and hypocotyl. On the other hand the level of isopentenyladenosine-like material was less influenced. In general, the immunoreactive 3-indoleacetic acid content in the different plant parts was changed only slightly. It is assumed that besides their effect on gibberellin content both compounds interfere directly or indirectly with the regulation of the endogenous levels of abscisic acid and cytokinins. This might be seen as an additional mode of action of growth retardants explaining some side effects on developmental processes of treated plants, &g. delayed senescence and enhanced chlorophyll concentration in the leaves.The regulation of plant morphogenesis depends on environmental factors such as light, temperature and nutrient supply, the concentration and interaction of endogenous plant hormones, and upon the changing sensitivity of the tissue to these substances. In addition, many synthetic compounds are known which are able to modify the growth habit of plants when applied exogenously. Among them plant growth retardants influence cell division and cell enlargement in the subapical meristems of the shoot (20,24) probably by interfering with the gibberellin (GA') and sterol biosynthesis (4). Recently, it has been shown for new plant growth retardants of the triazole and norbornenodiazetine type that they inhibit GA biosynthesis in a cell-free system of pumpkin endosperm by blocking the oxidative reactions from ent-kaurene to ent-kaurenoic acid (8, 23). Data have been presented that these compounds reduce the GA content in intact plants, too (12, 32). However, results from cell suspension cultures provide evidence that the norbomenodiazetine tetcyclacis I Abbreviations: GA. = gibberellin A,; ABA = 2-cis-abscisic acid; DZR = dihydrozeatin riboside; IPA = isopentenyladenosine; mAB = monoclonal antibodies; ZR = trans-zeatin riboside. inhibits cell division growth by influencing the sterol biosynthesis (10). This effect is accompanied by alterations in protein biosynthesis and membrane permeability (9, 1 1), which might also be an explanation for reduced levels o...

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“…Polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies have been developed and used for quantification of a variety of plant growth regulators (3,4,11,13,16). With few exceptions (14), quantification by radioimmunoassay or ELISA is preceded by isolation and partial purification of the hormones from biochemically complex plant extracts (1,5,13).…”

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Hybrid Hybridoma Cell Lines Which Express Anti-Zeatin Riboside, Anti-Abscisic Acid, and Hybrid Antibodies

Banowetz

1989

Plant Physiol.

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Hybrid hybridoma cell lines that secreted antibodies which reacted with two distinct plant hormones, abscisic acid (ABA) and zeatin riboside (ZR) were prepared and cloned. These cell lines were derived by polyethylene glycol-mediated fusion of HAT-sensitive anti-ZR hybridoma cells with splenocytes harvested from a BALB/c mouse previously immunized with an ABAbovine serum albumin conjugate. Chromatographic analyses indicated that these lines expressed two different isotypes, each associated with a specific immunologic reactivity, and that the populations of immunoglobulins secreted by these hybridomas included antibodies directed against each individual hapten as well as hybrid molecules which reacted simultaneously with both.

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Monoclonal Antibodies to Plant Growth Regulators

Cited by 70 publications

References 17 publications

Specification of Cortical Parenchyma and Stele of Maize Primary Roots by Asymmetric Levels of Auxin, Cytokinin, and Cytokinin-Regulated Proteins

Specification of Cortical Parenchyma and Stele of Maize Primary Roots by Asymmetric Levels of Auxin, Cytokinin, and Cytokinin-Regulated Proteins

Regulation of Plant Morphology by Growth Retardants

Hybrid Hybridoma Cell Lines Which Express Anti-Zeatin Riboside, Anti-Abscisic Acid, and Hybrid Antibodies

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