“…The results presented here indicate that the autoantigen of IDDM ICA 512 is an intrinsic membrane protein of peptide-containing secretory granules of endocrine cells and neurons. ICA 512 joins a growing list of transmembrane proteins of secretory granules, including vacuolar type proton-pumping ATPase (Nelson and Lill, 1994), cytochrome b561 (Silsand and Flatmark, 1974), nucleotide carrier (Kostron et al, 1977), vesicular amine transporter (VAT) (Erickson et al, 1992), SV2 (Lowe et al, 1988;Feany et al, 1992) peptidyl a-amidating monooxygenase (PAM) (Eipper et al, 1993), glycoprotein II (Obendorf et al, 1988), synaptophysin (Lowe et al, 1988), synaptotagmin (Lowe et al, 1988;Walch-Solimena et al, 1993), synaptobrevins (Chilcote et al, 1995), secretory carrier membrane proteins (SCAMPs) (Brand et al, 1991, Brand andCastle, 1993) and secretory granule-specific antigen (SGSA) (Yamashita and Yasuda, 1992). Several features, however, distinguish ICA 512 from other constituents of secretory granule membranes.…”