Monocular Deprivation Affects Visual Cortex Plasticity Through cPKCγ-Modulated GluR1 Phosphorylation in Mice

Abstract

Purpose To determine how visual cortex plasticity changes after monocular deprivation (MD) in mice and whether conventional protein kinase C gamma (cPKCγ) plays a role in visual cortex plasticity. Methods cPKCγ membrane translocation levels were quantified by using immunoblotting to explore the effects of MD on cPKCγ activation. Electrophysiology was used to record field excitatory postsynaptic potential (fEPSP) amplitude with the goal of observing changes in visual cortex plasticity after MD. Immunoblotting was also used to determine the phosphorylation levels of GluR1 at Ser831. Light transmission was analyzed using electroretinography to examine the effects of MD and cPKCγ on mouse retinal function. Results Membrane translocation levels of cPKCγ significantly increased in the contralateral visual cortex of MD mice compared to wild-type (WT) mice ( P < 0.001). In the contralateral visual cortex, long-term potentiation (LTP) and the phosphorylation levels of GluR1 at Ser 831 were increased in cPKCγ +/+ mice after MD. Interestingly, these levels could be downregulated by cPKCγ knockout compared to cPKCγ +/+ +MD mice ( P < 0.001). Compared to the right eyes of WT mice, the amplitudes of a-waves and b-waves declined in deprived right eyes of mice after MD ( P < 0.001). There were no significant differences when comparing cPKCγ +/+ and cPKCγ −/− mice with MD. Conclusions cPKCγ participates in the plasticity of the visual cortex after MD, which is characterized by increased LTP in the contralateral visual cortex, which may be a result of cPKCγ-mediated phosphorylation of GluR1 at Ser 831.

EphA4 regulates white matter remyelination after ischemic stroke through Ephexin‐1/RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway

“…Western blot analysis was performed as previously described (Liu, Han, et al, 2019; Zhang et al, 2020; Zheng et al, 2021). Corpus callosum and the internal capsule from brain tissue or cells in six‐well plates rinsed three times with PBS were homogenized in Buffer C (50 mM Tris‐HCl, pH 7.5, 2 mM EDTA, 2 mM EGTA, 50 nM okadaic acid, 5 mM sodium pyrophosphate, 100 μM sodium vanadate, 1 mM DTT, 50 mM KF, 2% sodium dodecyl sulfate [SDS] and a protease inhibitor mixture) and sonicated.…”

Widefield Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Diabetic Retinopathy

“…Finally, WF-OCTA demonstrated more pronounced vascular involvement in the DCP, irrespective of the stage of DR. A recent study of 104 eyes with PDR showed a disproportion of lamellar capillary nonperfusion between the SCP and the DCP, the latter being more greatly involved in all the assessed quadrants [ 48 ]. The difference in the perfusion pressure between the SCP and the DCP could be a plausible explanation of this discrepancy [ 49 ].…”