Monocyclic and bicyclic monoterpenes in air of German daycare centers and human biomonitoring in visiting children, the LUPE 3 study

Schmidt, Lukas; Lahrz, T.; Kraft, Martin; Göen, Thomas; Fromme, Hermann

doi:10.1016/j.envint.2015.06.004

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…6 Extended scheme of the human in vivo LMN metabolism; not verified metabolites (grey, narrow); established metabolites (grey, bold); newly proven metabolites (black, bold); epoxide hydrolase (EH); oxidation (Ox); reduction (Red); enantiomers not shown is almost entirely cleared from the metabolites within 24 h post-oral exposure. Consequently, in accordance with previous approaches on human biomonitoring of monoterpenes (Eriksson and Levin 1996;Levin et al 1992;Liljelind et al 2003;Schmidt et al 2015b), we recommend the determination of LMN metabolites in urine as powerful parameters for biological LMN exposure assessment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Therefore, it is a volatile organic compound which occurs as a natural pollutant of indoor air (Kephalopoulos et al 2007;Koistinen et al 2008) and as a common nutrition ingredient (Adams et al 2011;Kim et al 2013). Under non-occupational conditions, human daily respiratory and oral uptakes are estimated at 10 and 300-700 µg kg −1 bw −1 , respectively (EFSA 2011; WHO we apply human biomonitoring as a new approach for LMN exposure assessment (Schmidt et al 2015b). To achieve valid results, detailed information on LMN metabolism and the excretion kinetics of its metabolites is required.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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R-Limonene metabolism in humans and metabolite kinetics after oral administration

Schmidt

Göen

2016

Arch Toxicol

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We studied the R-limonene (LMN) metabolism and elimination kinetics in a human in vivo study. Four volunteers were orally exposed to a single LMN dose of 100-130 µg kg bw. In each case, one pre-exposure and subsequently all 24 h post-exposure urine samples were collected. From two subjects, blood samples were drawn up to 5 h after exposure. The parent compound was analysed in blood using headspace GC-MS. The metabolites cis- and trans-carveol (cCAR), perillyl alcohol (POH), perillic acid (PA), limonene-1,2-diol (LMN-1,2-OH), and limonene-8,9-diol (LMN-8,9-OH) were quantified in both blood and urine using GC-PCI-MS/MS. Moreover, GC-PCI-MS full-scan experiments were applied for identification of unknown metabolites in urine. In both matrices, metabolites reached maximum concentrations 1-2 h post-exposure followed by rapid elimination with half-lives of 0.7-2.5 h. In relation to the other metabolites, LMN-1,2-OH was eliminated slowest. Nonetheless, overall renal metabolite elimination was completed within the 24-h observation period. The metabolite amounts excreted via urine corresponded to 0.2 % (cCAR), 0.2 % (tCAR), <0.1 % (POH), 2.0 % (PA), 4.3 % (LMN-1,2-OH), and 32 % (LMN-8,9-OH) of the orally administered dose. GC-PCI-MS full-scan analyses revealed dihydroperillic acid (DHPA) as an additional LMN metabolite. DHPA was estimated to account for 5 % of the orally administered dose. The study revealed that human LMN metabolism proceeds fast and is characterised by oxidation mainly of the exo-cyclic double bond but also of the endo-cyclic double bond and of the methyl side chain. The study results may support the prediction of the metabolism of other terpenes or comparable chemical structures.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

R-Limonene metabolism in humans and metabolite kinetics after oral administration

Schmidt

Göen

2016

Arch Toxicol

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“…Humans can come into contact with monoterpenes through inhalation, ingestion, and skin contact [2]. A previous investigation has indicated that children at daycare centers are primarily exposed to monoterpenes through their diet and consumer goods, rather than through respiratory means [31]. Recent studies have attempted to measure the presence of monoterpenes in the diet, but the considerable variation in their content poses challenges when estimating human intake [3].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Serum Monoterpene Levels, Hand Grip Strength, and Lean Muscle Mass in a Representative Sample of US Adults: NHANES 2013- 2014

Fang,

Wang,

Lin

2023

Preprint

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Background Monoterpenes, a class of organic compounds with the molecular formula C10H16, have been the subject of considerable research due to their promising medicinal properties. Recent experiments suggest that they may have beneficial effects on skeletal muscles. However, the effects of exposure to monoterpenes on muscle strength and mass in humans remain unknown. Methods To address this knowledge gap, we included 1,202 adults (aged ≥ 18 years) from the 2013–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to investigate the potential relationship between serum levels of three specific monoterpenes (α-pinene, β-pinene, and limonene), hand grip strength, and lean muscle mass. Results Our analysis showed that except for test 2 of hand 1, all other grip strength measures showed a positive correlation with ln-limonene levels. The coefficient (ß) for combined grip strength was 2.409 (S.E. = 0.891, P = 0.015). We also observed positive associations between serum limonene levels and lean muscle mass in several areas, including arms, legs, trunk, and total body. The ß coefficient for the appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI) was 0.138 (S.E. = 0.041, P = 0.004). In addition, we found an interaction between sex and limonene, as well as between body mass index and limonene, with respect to the association with combined grip strength. Conclusions Our findings suggest a plausible association between exposure to limonene, hand grip strength, and lean muscle mass among adults in the United States. Further investigation is needed to fully understand the underlying mechanisms and medical significance of this association.

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Fragrance Emissions into the Air and Their Impact on Air Quality and Human Health

Balcı

Sofuoğlu

2023

The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry

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Monocyclic and bicyclic monoterpenes in air of German daycare centers and human biomonitoring in visiting children, the LUPE 3 study

Cited by 11 publications

References 33 publications

R-Limonene metabolism in humans and metabolite kinetics after oral administration

R-Limonene metabolism in humans and metabolite kinetics after oral administration

Association between Serum Monoterpene Levels, Hand Grip Strength, and Lean Muscle Mass in a Representative Sample of US Adults: NHANES 2013- 2014

Fragrance Emissions into the Air and Their Impact on Air Quality and Human Health

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