“…Across multiple species dendritic cells (DC) are known to play a crucial role in generating maternal immune tolerance toward fetal antigens by preventing the development of highly inflammatory, fetal antigen-specific responses (Zenclussen et al, 2005, Kahn and Baltimore, 2010, Petroff, 2011. Our previous work indicated that these cells are regulated in bovine late gestation (Bachy et al, 2008, Della Bella et al, 2011, Negishi et al, 2012, Leno-Duran et al, 2014, Pomeroy et al, 2015. We found previously that relative to nonpregnant cows, monocyte-derived DC (moDC) from cows in late gestation had hindered phenotypic maturation and altered cytokine secretion in response to E. coli stimulation and thus were likely to have a poor ability to activate T cells during late gestation.…”