Monocyte subsets in blood correlate with obesity related response of macrophages to biomaterials in vitro

Abstract

Macrophages play a key role in the foreign body response. In this study it was investigated whether obesity affects the acute response of macrophages to biomaterials in vitro and whether this response is associated with biomarkers in blood. CD14 monocytes were isolated from blood from obese and age and gender matched lean persons. Monocyte subsets were determined based on CD14 and CD16 on their surface. C-reactive protein (CRP) was measured in peripheral blood. The response of monocyte-derived macrophages to polypropylene (PP), polylactic acid (PLA), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) monofilament, and PET-multifilament (mPET) in culture was based on cytokine production. More IL-6 (for PET), less CCL18 (all materials) and IL-1ra (for PLA) was produced by macrophages from obese patients than lean subjects. Body mass index, serum CRP and to a lesser extend percentages of monocyte subtypes correlated with IL-6, TNFα, CCL18, and IL-1ra production. Taken together, monocyte-derived macrophages of obese patients respond more pro-inflammatory and less anti-inflammatory to biomaterials than macrophages from lean subjects, depending on the material. These results are a step towards personalized medicine for the development of a model or even a blood test to decide which biomaterial might be suitable for each patient.

Engineered immunological niches to monitor disease activity and treatment efficacy in relapsing multiple sclerosis

“…We developed an implantable IN that forms a vascularized inflammatory tissue that is dynamic with the status of the immune system. This finding is well supported by reports demonstrating that inflammation surrounding implants is altered by systemic changes associated with various physiological and pathological states, including diabetes, obesity, cancer, and advanced age [22][23][24][25][26] . This implantable biopsy site thus harnesses the host immune system to identify immunological changes within innate immune cells of tissues, which contribute to disease initiation and progression.…”

Engineering precision biomaterials for personalized medicine

“…Individuals react differently to biomaterials after implantation, especially with respect to inflammation and protein deposition on the material. Macrophages from obese patients demonstrated a higher proinflammatory response to materials such as polypropylene and poly(lactic acid) in vitro (25). Other studies have focused on how a patient’s unique pathological condition affects the protein corona, defined as the composition of proteins associated with a nanoparticle, by examining a range of diseases (hemophilia and hypercholesterolemia) and conditions (smoking and pregnancy) using polystyrene and silica nanoparticle separators to collect serum proteins for downstream proteomic processing to determine potential disease markers (26).…”

Can We Grow Valves Inside the Heart? Perspective on Material-based In Situ Heart Valve Tissue Engineering

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