Monocytes accumulate in the airways of children with fatal asthma

Eguiluz‐Gracia, Ibon; Malmström, Kristiina; Dheyauldeen, Sinan; Sajantila, Antti; Aaløkken, Ragnhild; Sundaram, Arvind; Gilfillan, Gregor D.; Mäkelä, Mika J.; Bækkevold, Espen S.; Jahnsen, Frode L.

doi:10.1111/cea.13265

Cited by 32 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…As shown in mouse and human studies, accumulating monocytes during allergic airway inflammation mature into potent pro‐inflammatory cells releasing multiple chemokines and attracting other immune cells such as circulating eosinophils . Furthermore, there is a correlation between mucosal monocytes and eosinophils in AR and AA patients . Our results indicate that the recruitment of monocytes accompanies the accumulation of eosinophils also in LAA, further relating both allergic asthma phenotypes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…The shorter provocation protocol, the different anatomical areas examined, and the lack of quantification of specific T‐cell subsets might explain the differences with our study. Moreover, eosinophils and monocytes display a high invasive ability in asthma, being able to migrate through the bronchial walls to the airway lumen, whereas T lymphocytes mainly traffic from the secondary lymphoid organs to the mucosa . Therefore, the lack of changes in the sputum cannot exclude an effect of the BPT‐DP on T cells at the mucosal level.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Bronchial asthma triggered by house dust mites in patients with local allergic rhinitis

Campo

Eguiluz‐Gracia

Plaza-Serón

et al. 2019

Allergy

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Background: Over 30% of local allergic rhinitis (LAR) patients self-report bronchial symptoms suggestive of asthma, but the relationship between the allergen exposure and the bronchial symptoms has not been studied.Objective: To investigate whether a bronchial counterpart of LAR exists.Methods: Patients were classified by clinical history, skin prick test/serum specific IgE (sIgE), and nasal allergen provocation test (NAPT) into the LAR, allergic rhinitis (AR), and nonallergic rhinitis (NAR) phenotypes. Twenty-eight LAR, 18 AR, and 19 NAR patients self-reporting bronchial symptoms suggestive of asthma and 8 healthy controls (HC) were subjected to a methacholine test (MT) before (Visit 1) and 24 hours after (Visit 3) a bronchial provocation test with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (BPT-DP) (Visit 2). Induced sputum and peripheral blood obtained after each MT were analyzed for immune cell populations, tryptase, ECP, and sIgE. Results:A positive MT was found in 50% of LAR, 83.3% of AR, 57.89% of NAR, and 0% of HC individuals (P = 0.022 AR vs LAR) at V1. BPT-DP was positive in 8 LAR and 15 AR patients (28% vs 83.3%, P < 0.001), with no positive responses in NAR and HC.All BPT-DP+ patients experienced a significant decrease of PC 20 at V3 vs V1 (P = 0.016 LAR, P ≤ 0.001 AR). BPT-DP+ patients also showed a significant increase of eosinophils, monocytes, and ECP in induced sputum at V3 compared with V1. Conclusion:The results suggest the existence of a new asthma phenotype (local allergic asthma) defined by absence of systemic atopy and positivity to BPT with allergen. K E Y W O R D Sallergic, asthma, IgE, local, rhinitis | 1503 CAMPO et Al.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bronchial asthma triggered by house dust mites in patients with local allergic rhinitis

Campo

Eguiluz‐Gracia

Plaza-Serón

et al. 2019

Allergy

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“…Recently, S100A8/9 (calprotectin, an intracellular protein) has been proposed as a reliable marker for monocytes and monocyte-derived cells (34). S100A8/9 was detected both at the mRNA and protein levels in circulating monocytes (35, 42, 43). In the intestine, S100A8/9 expression in DC inversely correlated with Flt3 expression and S100A8/9 was highly expressed in short-lived myeloid cells, but not in long-lived macrophages (34).…”

Section: Demonstrating the Monocytic Origin Of Cells Isolated From Humentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo Differentiation of Human Monocytes

2019

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Circulating monocytes can infiltrate mucosal or inflamed tissues where they differentiate into either macrophages or dendritic cells. This paradigm is supported by numerous studies conducted in mice and in different in vitro settings for human cells. Determining whether it holds true in vivo in humans is essential for the successful design of monocyte-targeting therapies. Despite limitations inherent to working with human samples, there is accumulating evidence of the existence of in vivo- generated monocyte-derived cells in humans. Here, we review recent studies showing the recruitment of human monocytes into tissues and their differentiation into macrophages or dendritic cells, in normal or pathological settings. We examine the methods available in human studies to demonstrate the monocytic origin of infiltrating cells. Finally, we review the functions of human monocyte-derived cells and how they might contribute to pathogeny.

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“…The allergen administration induced a significant increase of sputum eosinophils, monocytes and ECP in BAC+ patients regardless of their atopic status, with no changes in BAC-individuals [64]. Of note, this infiltrate closely resembles that of airway allergy [65,66]. Conversely, no sIgE was detectable in the sputum of any of the study subjects [64].…”

Section: Natural Evolution and Comorbiditiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

How to Diagnose and Treat Local Allergic Rhinitis: A Challenge for Clinicians

Eguiluz‐Gracia

Pérez‐Sánchez

Bogas

et al. 2019

JCM

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Chronic rhinitis is a very common disease that can be divided in various phenotypes. Historically, the condition has been classified into the allergic rhinitis (AR) and non-allergic non-infectious rhinitis (NAR) forms, based on the results of the classical biomarkers of atopy: skin prick test and serum allergen-specific IgE However, this classification does not reflect the complexity of the rhinitis syndrome, as illustrated by the existence of non-atopic rhinitis patients who display a nasal reactivity to environmental allergens. This new phenotype has been termed local allergic rhinitis (LAR) and can be only recognized if an additional test such as the nasal allergen challenge (NAC) is integrated in the diagnostic algorithm for chronic rhinitis. Recent data shows that the NAC is a very safe and reliable technique ready for the clinical practice. LAR is a differentiated rhinitis phenotype which often commences during childhood and quickly progresses towards a clinical worsening and the association of comorbidities in other mucosal organs. Recent evidence supports the existence of a bronchial counterpart of LAR (local allergic asthma), which highlights the pathophysiological links between the upper and lower airways and reinforces the united airways concept. Importantly, several controlled studies have demonstrated the ability of allergen immunotherapy to control LAR symptoms while the therapy is being administered. This review emphasizes the need to implement the NAC in the clinical practice in order to facilitate the recognition of LAR patients, allowing for an early prescription of specific therapies with disease-modifying potential.

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Monocytes accumulate in the airways of children with fatal asthma

Abstract: Monocytes accumulated in the lungs of children and adolescents with fatal asthma attack. This finding strongly suggests that monocytes are directly involved in the immunopathology of asthma and that these pro-inflammatory cells are potential targets for therapy.

Cited by 32 publications

References 35 publications

Bronchial asthma triggered by house dust mites in patients with local allergic rhinitis

Bronchial asthma triggered by house dust mites in patients with local allergic rhinitis

In vivo Differentiation of Human Monocytes

How to Diagnose and Treat Local Allergic Rhinitis: A Challenge for Clinicians

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