Monocytes and macrophages in abdominal aortic aneurysm

Abstract

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a life-threatening disease associated with high morbidity, and high mortality in the event of aortic rupture. Major advances in open surgical and endovascular repair of AAA have been achieved during the past 2 decades. However, drug-based therapies are still lacking, highlighting a real need for better understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in AAA formation and progression. The main pathological features of AAA include extracellular matrix remodelling associated with degeneration and loss of vascular smooth muscle cells and accumulation and activation of inflammatory cells. The inflammatory process has a crucial role in AAA and substantially influences many determinants of aortic wall remodelling. In this Review, we focus specifically on the involvement of monocytes and macrophages, summarizing current knowledge on the roles, origin, and functions of these cells in AAA development and its complications. Furthermore, we show and propose that distinct monocyte and macrophage subsets have critical and differential roles in initiation, progression, and healing of the aneurysmal process. On the basis of experimental and clinical studies, we review potential translational applications to detect, assess, and image macrophage subsets in AAA, and discuss the relevance of these applications for clinical practice.

Digoxin Attenuates Receptor Activation of NF-κB Ligand-Induced Osteoclastogenesis in Macrophages

“…Furthermore, we have only examined in vitro osteoclastogenic changes by culturing and stimulating the RAW 264.7 cell line. It has been reported that most of the macrophages accumulating in the aneurysmal aortic wall derive from circulating monocytes, which are produced in the bone marrow [33]. Therefore, we plan to examine OCG not only in RAW 264.7 cells, but also in bone marrow-derived macrophages.…”

Molecular targets in aortic aneurysm for establishing novel management paradigms

“…Additionally, macrophages have a major function in inflammatory progression. Therefore, macrophages may have the chance to become drug carriers (138). A previous study attempted to use the macrophage membrane to deliver nanoparticles (emtansine liposome).…”

Macrophages

“…80 Most of AAA-associated macrophages originate from the circulating blood and seem to Mallat Recent Highlights of ATVB: Macrophages e95 be mobilized from the spleen in a B cell-dependent manner after angiotensin II stimulation. 81 The activation and phenotype of AAA macrophages substantially determines the progression of AAA.…”